Question

Recall Organize the following words into two related groups: catabolism, energy-requiring, reductive, anabolism, oxidative, energyyielding.

Short answer

Catabolism: oxidative, energy-yielding; Anabolism: reductive, energy-requiring.

Step-by-step solution

- Identify Terms Related to Catabolism

First, identify the terms that are related to catabolism. Catabolism involves breaking down molecules to release energy, so terms that fit this description are 'energy-yielding' and 'oxidative'.

- Identify Terms Related to Anabolism

Next, identify the terms that are related to anabolism. Anabolism involves building up molecules and requires energy, so terms that fit this description are 'energy-requiring' and 'reductive'.

- Confirm Groupings

Finally, confirm that the terms match the definitions. Group 1: Catabolism includes 'oxidative' and 'energy-yielding'. Group 2: Anabolism includes 'reductive' and 'energy-requiring'.

Key concepts

catabolism

Catabolism is the metabolic process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones. This process releases energy. It is a type of exergonic reaction, which means that it releases heat.
Catabolic reactions are typically 'energy-yielding' because they release the stored energy found in chemical bonds. For example, the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is a catabolic process that produces ATP.

• Breaks down molecules
• Releases energy
• Examples: cellular respiration, digestion of food

anabolism

Anabolism is the opposite of catabolism. It involves building larger molecules from smaller ones. This process requires energy, often in the form of ATP.
Anabolic reactions are typically 'energy-requiring' because they consume energy to form new chemical bonds. For example, the synthesis of proteins from amino acids is an anabolic process.

• Builds molecules
• Consumes energy
• Examples: protein synthesis, DNA replication

energy-yielding

Energy-yielding processes are those that release energy. These processes often refer to catabolic reactions that break down complex molecules.
For example, the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis and cellular respiration yields ATP, which is the cell's primary energy currency.

• Releases energy
• Linked to catabolic reactions

energy-requiring

Energy-requiring processes are those that need an input of energy to proceed. These are often anabolic reactions that build complex molecules.
One common example is photosynthesis in plants, where sunlight is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

• Consumes energy
• Linked to anabolic reactions
• Examples: photosynthesis, muscle contraction

oxidative

Oxidative processes involve the loss of electrons and usually occur during catabolic reactions like cellular respiration. These reactions help release energy.
A common oxidative reaction is the conversion of NADH to NAD+, which releases energy that cells use.

• Loss of electrons
• Occurs in catabolic reactions
• Example: cellular respiration

reductive

Reductive processes involve the gain of electrons and usually occur during anabolic reactions. These reactions generally require energy input.
A typical reductive reaction is the synthesis of fatty acids, where electrons are gained to form new chemical bonds.

• Gain of electrons
• Occurs in anabolic reactions
• Example: fatty acid synthesis