Chapter 9: Solutions

Potassium fluoride has a solubility of $92gofKF$in $100gof{H}_{2}O$at ${18}^{\circ }C$. Determine if each of the following mixtures forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at ${18}^{\circ }C.$

a. adding $35gofKF$to $25gof{H}_{2}O$

b. adding $42gofKF$to $50gof{H}_{2}O$

c. adding $145gofKF$to $150gof{H}_{2}O$

Lithium chloride has a solubility of $55gofLiCl$in $100gof{H}_{2}O$at ${25}^{\circ }C$. Determine if each of the following mixtures forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at ${25}^{\circ }C$:

a. adding $10gofLiCl$to role="math" localid="1652764006746" $15gof{H}_{2}O$

b. adding $25gofLiCl$to $50gof{H}_{2}O$

c. adding $75gofLiCl$to $150gof{H}_{2}O$

A solution is prepared with $70.0gofHN{O}_3$and $130.0gof{H}_{2}O$. The $HN{O}_3$solution has a density of $1.21g/mL$.

a. What is the mass percent role="math" localid="1652765432131" $(m/m)$of the $HN{O}_3$solution?

b. What is the total volume, in milliliters, of the solution?

c. What is the mass/volume percent $(m/v)$of the solution?

d. What is the molarity $\left(M\right)$of the solution?

A solution is prepared by dissolving $22.0gofNaOH$in $118.0g$of water. The $NaOH$solution has a density of $1.15g/mL.$

a. What is the mass percent $(m/m)$of the $NaOH$solution?

b. What is the total volume, in milliliters, of the solution?

c. What is the mass/volume percent $(m/v)$of the solution?

d. What is the molarity $\left(M\right)$of the solution?

Indicate whether aqueous solutions of each of the following solutes contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions:

a. $N{H}_{4}Cl$, a strong electrolyte.

b. ethanol, $C_2{H}_{6}O$, a nonelectrolyte.

c.$HCN$, hydrocyanic acid, a weak electrolyte.

Classify the solute represented in each of the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte:

a. ${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}2{\mathrm{K}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-}\left(aq\right)$

b. ${\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(g\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\rightleftarrows {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

c.${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6\left(aq\right)$

Classify the solute represented in each of the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte:

a.${\mathrm{CH}}_4\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{CH}}_4\mathrm{O}\left(aq\right)$

b.${\mathrm{MgCl}}_2\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2{\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

c.$\mathrm{HClO}\left(aq\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{\rightleftarrows }{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{ClO}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

Calculate the number of equivalents in each of the following:

a.$1\text{mole of}{\mathrm{K}}^{+}$

b.${\text{2molesofOH}}^{-}$

c.$1{\text{mole ofCa}}^{2+}$

d.${{\text{3molesofCO}}_3}^{2-}$

Calculate the number of equivalents in each of the following:

a.$1{\text{mole ofMg}}^{2+}$

b.${\text{0.5mole ofH}}^{+}$

c.${\text{4molesofCl}}^{-}$

d.${\text{2molesofFe}}^{3+}$

An intravenous saline solution contains $154mEq/L$each of $N{a}^{+}$and $C{l}^{-}$. How many moles each of $N{a}^{+}$and $C{l}^{-}$are in $1.00L$of the saline solution?