Question

Indicate the major type of intermolecular forces-(1)ionic bonds, (2) dipole-dipole attractions, (3) hydrogen bonds, (4) dispersion forces- that occur. between particles of the following.

a. ${\mathrm{NF}}_3$

b. $\mathrm{ClI}$

c.${\mathrm{Br}}_2$

d. ${\mathrm{Cu}}_2\mathrm{O}$

e. ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_{10}$

f.localid="1662007575972" ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{OH}$

Short answer

a. (2) dipole-dipole interactions

b. (2) dipole-dipole interactions

c. (4) dispersion forces

d. (1) ionic bonds

e. (4) dispersion forces

f. (3) hydrogen bonds

Step-by-step solution

Part (a) Given information

To determine the type of intermolecular forces.

Part (a) Explanation

• In Nitrogen trifluoride, the atoms that are present are nitrogen and fluorine.
• ${\mathrm{NF}}_3$molecule has a permanent dipole moment which causes the molecule to be polar in nature.
• The intermolecular forces present in this molecule are dipole-dipole interactions due to the result of dipoles in a molecule (a result of attraction between a positive and a negative end).

Part (b) Given Information

To determine the type of intermolecular forces.

Part (b) Explanation

• Iodine monochloride has dipole-dipole interactions.
• These interactions are a result of equally shared electrons in a molecule due to the electronegativity difference.

Part (c) Given Information

To determine the type of intermolecular forces.

Part (c) Explanation

• Bromine is a diatomic molecule.
• A diatomic molecule exhibits only dispersion forces, which are the weak intermolecular forces that result from a temporary dipole within a molecule.

Part (d) Given information

To determine the type of intermolecular forces.

Part (d) Explanation

• Copper (I) oxide is an ionic compound that is composed of copper and oxide ions.
• The ions are strongly held together by ionic forces or bonds i.e., the type of bond formed between two oppositely charged species.

Part (e) Given Information

To determine the type of intermolecular forces.

Part (e) Explanation

• Butane has dispersion forces.
• The type of bonding that is present in n-butane is London dispersion forces due to itsnon-polar nature.

Part (f) Given Information

To determine the type of intermolecular forces.

Part (d) Explanation

• Methanol i.e., ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{OH}$has hydrogen bonding.
• Hydrogen bonds are the strongest type of bond that occurs between hydrogen and the other atom having different electronegativity.