Question

Identify each of the following as an acid or a base: (10.1)

a. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$

b.$\mathrm{RbOH}$

c.$\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$

d.$\mathrm{HI}$

Short answer

(Part a).${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$is a powerful acid.

(Part b).width="45">RbOHis a strong base.

(Part c).width="62">Ca(OH)2is strong base.

(Part d).localid="1654103267246" $\mathrm{HI}$is a powerful acid.

Step-by-step solution

Step:1 Introduction And Explanation of H2SO4

A substance that produces hydrogen ions, and according to Adsorption isotherm theory, is an acid.$\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$in an aqueous solution.

The following equation can be used to depict the reaction of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$and ${\mathrm{SO}}_4$with water:

${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\to {\mathrm{HSO}}_4^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Sulfuric Water}& \text{Hydrogen Hydronium}\\ \text{acid}& \text{sulfate ion ion}\end{array}$

A single proton $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$does not exist in water; when it comes into contact with it, it forms the hydronium ion $\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{\ast }\right)$
.

As a result, ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$is an acid.

Step:2 Explanation of RbOH

A bases, and according to Arrhenius hypothesis, is indeed a substance that generates a metal ion and hydroxide ions in such an aqueous solution $\left({\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right)$. The calculation represents the reactions between $\mathrm{RbOH}$ using water:

$\mathrm{RbOH}\left(s\right)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{⟶}{\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)$

$\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Rubidium}& \text{Rubidium}& \text{Hydroxide}\\ \text{hydroxide}& \text{ion}& \text{ion}\end{array}$

As a result, $\mathrm{RbOH}$is a bases.

Step:3 Explanation of Ca(OH)2

A bases, and according to Arrhenius hypothesis, is a molecule that generates a metal ion and hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution $\left({\mathrm{OH}}^{-}\right)$. The following formula represents the combination of $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$with water:

$\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2\right(s\left)\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{\stackrel{}{⟶}}{\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}\right(aq)+2{\mathrm{OH}}^{-}(aq)$

$\begin{array}{lcc}\text{Calcium}& \text{Calcium}& \text{Hydroxide}\\ \text{hydroxide}& \text{ion}& \text{ion}\end{array}$

As a result, $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2$the base

Step:4 Explanation of HI

An acid, according to the Arrhenius theory, is a chemical that produces hydrogen ions in such an aqueous solution $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$. The following is a representation of HI's reaction with water:

$\mathrm{HI}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(l\right)\to {\mathrm{I}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(aq\right)$

$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Hydroiodic}& \text{Water}& \text{Iodide}& \text{Hydronium}\\ \text{acid}& \text{ion}& \text{ion}& \end{array}$

A single proton $\left({\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right)$does not exist in water; however, it quickly reacts with it to generate the hydronium ion$\left({\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\right)$

As a result, HI is an acid.