Question

Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists. List I List II (chemotherapeutic (examples) agents) 1\. Antibiotic A. Chloroxylenol 2\. Antiseptic B. Chloampheniramine 3\. Analgesic C. Chloramphenicol 4\. Tranquilizer D. Diclophenac sodium E. VeronalCodes: (a) \(1-\mathrm{A}, 2-\mathrm{C}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{B}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{B}, 2-\mathrm{C}, 3-\mathrm{E}, 4-\mathrm{D}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{D}, 4-\mathrm{E}\)

Short answer

The correct answer is (d) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E.

Step-by-step solution

Matching Antibiotics

List I has 1. Antibiotic. Chloramphenicol (C) is a well-known antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. So, we match 1 with C.

Matching Antiseptics

List I has 2. Antiseptic. Chloroxylenol (A) is commonly used as an antiseptic. Thus, we match 2 with A.

Matching Analgesics

List I includes 3. Analgesic. Diclophenac sodium (D) is used as a pain reliever, classifying it as an analgesic. Hence, we match 3 with D.

Matching Tranquilizers

List I contains 4. Tranquilizer. Veronal (E) is known for its calming effects and is used as a tranquilizer. So, we match 4 with E.

Selecting the Correct Answer

Considering all the matches: 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E. Comparing with the codes provided, option (d) matches the sequence.

Key concepts

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are powerful medicines designed to combat bacterial infections. Unlike antiseptics or disinfectants, antibiotics work specifically inside the human body. They target bacteria, either killing them directly or inhibiting their growth, thus allowing the immune system to eliminate the invaders. Here are key points about antibiotics:

• Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections like the flu or the common cold.
• Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, making some bacteria immune to treatment.
• Common antibiotics include penicillin, amoxicillin, and, as mentioned in the exercise, chloramphenicol.

Antibiotics are generally prescribed by healthcare professionals, ensuring the right type and dosage are given based on the infection.

Antiseptics

Antiseptics are chemical agents that are applied to living tissues to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. They work by destroying or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Antiseptics are often confused with disinfectants, but they are specifically intended for use on living tissues. Here are key attributes of antiseptics:

• They are used to clean wounds, prevent infections during surgeries, and sanitize hands.
• Some popular antiseptic chemicals include hydrogen peroxide and iodine solutions.
• Chloroxylenol, as matched in the exercise, is commonly found in many household antiseptic compositions.

It is important to use antiseptics safely, avoiding excess use that may irritate the skin or alter normal tissue.

Analgesics

Analgesics, often referred to as painkillers, are a class of drugs that relieve pain without causing the loss of consciousness. They are different from anesthetics, which temporarily numb an area or induce unconsciousness. Analgesics play a vital role in pain management. Here are some highlights:

• Analgesics can be both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications, depending on their strength and purpose.
• Common OTC analgesics include aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen.
• Diclophenac sodium, a match in the exercise, is a strong analgesic used for moderate to severe pain relief, often available in oral or topical forms.

Appropriate use of analgesics is crucial to avoid side effects, such as stomach ulcers or liver issues, particularly with prolonged use.

Tranquilizers

Tranquilizers are drugs primarily used to reduce tension and anxiety. They are often prescribed to treat mental health conditions, such as anxiety disorders, and can help calm the mind and body. Here are the main points about tranquilizers:

• There are two main types: minor tranquilizers (anxiolytics) like diazepam that control anxiety, and major tranquilizers (antipsychotics) like chlorpromazine for severe mental illnesses.
• Minor tranquilizers are used for short-term treatment due to risks of dependence and withdrawal.
• Veronal is an older tranquilizer and, as noted in the exercise, was once used for its sedative properties, though it's less common now due to advancements in safer alternatives.

Using tranquilizers responsibly under medical supervision is essential to prevent the potential for abuse and adverse effects, such as drowsiness or depression.