Question

Match List I (compound) with List II (use) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List I List II (Compound) (Use) I. acetylsalicylic A. insecticide II. DDT B. drug III. naphthalene C. moth repellent IV. carbon tetrachloride D. fire extinguisher E. refrigerant (a) I-E, II-A, III-C, IV-D (b) \(\mathrm{I}-\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{II}-\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{IV}-\mathrm{A}\) (c) \(\mathrm{I}-\mathrm{E}, \mathrm{II}-\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{IV}-\mathrm{A}\) (d) \(\mathrm{I}-\mathrm{B}, \mathrm{II}-\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{IV}-\mathrm{D}\)

Short answer

The correct match is option (d): I-B, II-A, III-C, IV-D.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the use of acetylsalicylic

Acetylsalicylic acid is commonly known as aspirin and is used as a medication. Therefore, it corresponds to use B: drug.

Identify the use of DDT

DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) is widely known as an insecticide. Therefore, it corresponds to use A: insecticide.

Identify the use of naphthalene

Naphthalene is commonly used as a moth repellent. Therefore, it corresponds to use C: moth repellent.

Identify the use of carbon tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride was historically used in fire extinguishers. Therefore, it corresponds to use D: fire extinguisher.

Match each compound with its use

Based on the identifications: - Acetylsalicylic (I) matches with B: drug. - DDT (II) matches with A: insecticide. - Naphthalene (III) matches with C: moth repellent. - Carbon tetrachloride (IV) matches with D: fire extinguisher.

Key concepts

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Acetylsalicylic acid, more popularly known as aspirin, is one of the world's most widely used medications. It falls under the category of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here are some of its main uses and benefits:

• Pain Reliever: Aspirin helps alleviate a variety of pains such as headaches, toothaches, and menstrual cramps.
• Anti-Inflammatory: It reduces inflammation, making it beneficial for conditions like arthritis.
• Antipyretic: The compound is effective in reducing fever.
• Cardiovascular Benefits: Regular low-dose aspirin is often prescribed to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

Aspirin works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds in the body that cause pain, inflammation, and fever. Always consult with a doctor before using aspirin, as it can have side effects like gastrointestinal bleeding.

DDT

DDT, or Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane, is well-known for its role as an insecticide. It became famous for its effectiveness in combating mosquito-borne diseases like malaria. Below are some of its roles and impacts:

• Insect Control: It was widely used in agriculture to control pests on crops.
• Malaria Prevention: DDT played a crucial role in reducing malaria cases in Africa and other parts of the world.
• Environmental Concerns: Due to its persistence in the environment and potential harmful effects on wildlife, its use has been banned or restricted in many countries.

Though effective, DDT's long-term environmental impact led to a shift towards alternative pest control methods. It also raised awareness about the balance between pest control and environmental sustainability.

Naphthalene

Naphthalene is most commonly used as a moth repellent. You might have encountered it in the form of white, round balls placed in closets and wardrobes to protect clothes from being eaten by moths. Here's a closer look at its uses:

• Moth Repellent: It releases vapors that repel moths and other insects, thus protecting fabrics.
• In Chemical Industries: Naphthalene is a key ingredient in producing chemicals like phthalic anhydride.
• Caution: It's important to use naphthalene in well-ventilated areas due to potential health hazards from prolonged exposure, such as nausea or headaches.

Naphthalene is a type of hydrocarbon derived from coal tar. Always handle with care and keep away from pets and children.

Carbon Tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride has a history of diverse industrial applications. While its use has decreased due to health concerns, it was once an essential chemical in several areas:

• Fire Extinguishers: It was once used in fire extinguishers, especially for electrical fires, due to its effectiveness in suffocating flames.
• Solvent: Carbon tetrachloride served as a solvent for oils, fats, and waxes.
• Refrigerants: It was used in the production of refrigerants in the past.

Due to its potential to cause liver and kidney damage and its role in depleting the ozone layer, its use has been significantly reduced. This reflects the ongoing need to reassess and regulate chemicals based on new scientific findings and their impact on human health and the environment.

Chemical Uses

Chemical compounds play vital roles in various aspects of daily life, each tailored for specific functions. Understanding these uses helps us appreciate the science behind everyday products:

• Medicines: Compounds like acetylsalicylic acid are essential in treating diseases and managing pain.
• Agriculture: Chemicals like DDT have been pivotal in crop protection, although they require cautious use.
• Household Applications: Naphthalene is commonly used for pest control in homes.
• Industrial Uses: Carbon tetrachloride historically served in production and firefighting.

By understanding the properties and uses of chemical compounds, we can make informed decisions about how to use them safely and effectively. Continuous research and regulation are key in ensuring these chemicals benefit society while minimizing risks.