Question

Match the following Column-I (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{5}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{g}}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) Column-II (p) S-S linkage (q) \(+6\) oxidation state (r) Peroxy linkage (s) \(-2\) oxidation state

Short answer

(a)-(r), (b)-Matches varied often, (c)-(p), (d)-(s outcomes); defined context varies.

Step-by-step solution

Identify Peroxy Linkage

Peroxy linkage is identified by the presence of an 'O-O' bond within the compound. Among the given compounds, \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_5\) contains the peroxy linkage, as it is known as Caro's acid, which includes an additional 'O-O' bond. Thus, (a) matches with (r).

Identify S-S Linkage

S-S linkage is indicated by the presence of a sulfur-sulfur bond. The compound \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_6\), also known as dithionic acid, contains an S-S bond. Therefore, (c) matches with (p).

Determine Oxidation State of +6

To find the sulfur atom in a +6 oxidation state, examine each compound's sulfur oxidation states. In \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_5\) (since it has both peroxy and sulfuric acid structures) and \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_8\) (though not listed, has the same oxidation as \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_5\)), the oxidation state of sulfur is +6. Hence, \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_5\) should ideally match with (q), but based on options, consider other given compounds. \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_7\) (not listed, similar) typically has sulfur in +6, so here consider \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_6\) and \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_8\) mafia extinction: (b) and (c) may match; however, in options usually \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_5\) matches with oxidation +6 for clarity.

Determine Oxidation State of -2

A -2 oxidation state for sulfur is unusual in these compounds, but \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_3\) is known as thiosulfuric acid where one sulfur is in a reduced state, giving partial -2 assumption due to the bonding possibilities. Thus, (d) matches with (s) assuming sulfur resides in different states.

Tally and Confirm Matches

Tally all matching options:- (a) \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_5\) is matched with (r) per likely matches for ranking (q) -actual assignments vary on context) - (b) Consider no direct perfect but synthetic combo with+6 though not immediate (likely best in perpendiculars, an alter.) evaluating possible matching or least opted hold for H2SO5 assignments.- (c) \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_6\) is matched with (p).- (d) \(\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S}_2\mathrm{O}_3\) is matched with (s).Confirm matches so results align within likely contextual academic-tech assumptions.

Key concepts

Peroxy Linkage

In chemistry, peroxy linkages are characterized by the presence of an 'O-O' bond within a molecule. This type of linkage is a hallmark of peroxy compounds, which often exhibit unique reactivity due to this bonding. A classic example of such a compound is Caro's acid, with the chemical formula \( \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_5 \). In this acid, the peroxy linkage can be identified by closely examining the molecular structure, which clearly shows an oxygen-oxygen single bond.

Peroxy linkages are key in various chemical reactions and are often used in oxidative processes due to their ability to release oxygen. They are commonly found in organic peroxides, which are utilized widely in polymerization reactions and as bleaching agents. Understanding peroxy linkages is crucial for anyone studying oxidative reactions and synthesis in chemistry.

S-S Linkage

An S-S linkage, or disulfide bond, is formed when two sulfur atoms join together through a covalent bond. This is a defining feature in several sulfur compounds, particularly in biochemistry and industrial chemistry applications.

Dithionic acid, with the formula \( \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{S}_2 \mathrm{O}_6 \), is an example of a compound featuring an S-S linkage. Such a bond plays a vital role in the stability and function of many proteins by linking different sections of a protein molecule, thus helping it maintain its structure. In industrial chemistry, S-S linkages are leveraged in the vulcanization process for rubber and various polymer production methods. Recognizing such linkages assists in understanding the chemistry behind these necessary and diverse applications.

Oxidation States

Oxidation states, or oxidation numbers, indicate the number of electrons an atom either gains or loses to form a chemical bond. The concept of oxidation states is essential in redox reactions, aiding in tracking electron transfer between atoms.

For sulfur-containing compounds, determining the oxidation state can guide predictions regarding reactivity and chemical behavior. Sulfur typically exhibits multiple oxidation states, ranging from -2 in hydrogen sulfide (\( \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{S} \)) to +6 in sulfuric acid (\( \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4 \)). For example, in \( \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_5 \), commonly associated with a peroxy bond, sulfur is often in a +6 oxidation state, indicative of its ability to form multiple bonds and participate in oxygen-rich environments. Understanding these states is critical for mastering redox chemistry and synthesis pathways.

Sulfur Compounds

Sulfur compounds exhibit a wide range of chemical behaviors due to sulfur's ability to adopt various oxidation states and form unique linkages like peroxy and disulfide bonds. These compounds are crucial in both industrial processes and biological systems.

For example, thiosulfuric acid \( \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{S}_2 \mathrm{O}_3 \) demonstrates the complexity and variety of sulfur compounds. In this acid, sulfur can show different oxidation states across its atoms—part of why it's used in studies involving reducing agents. Sulfur is also paramount in natural phenomena, like the formation of volcanic gases and the biological sulfur cycle, highlighting its environmental significance. Mastery of sulfur compounds bolsters knowledge in fields like synthetic chemistry, environmental science, and biochemistry.

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical nomenclature is the systematic method for naming chemical compounds. A solid understanding of it helps chemists communicate complex molecular structures clearly and precisely.

The nomenclature involves rules defined by organizations like IUPAC, ensuring consistency across different languages and fields of study. For example, the compound \( \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{SO}_5 \) is named Caro's acid, reflecting its structure and components. A consistent naming system facilitates learning, teaching, and engaging with the immense scope of chemistry, from academic settings to industrial applications. By grasping chemical nomenclature, one will navigate the field of chemistry more efficiently, aiding in research, development, and instruction.