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Chapter 16: Problem 167

Which among the following are not peroxo acid of sulphur? (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}\) (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{5}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The non-peroxo acids are \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Peroxo Acids

Peroxo acids of sulfur are acids that contain an oxygen-oxygen single bond, also known as a peroxide linkage (-O-O-), in their structure. We need to identify which of the given formulas do not have this characteristic peroxide bond.
02

Analyze Each Option

Let us analyze each chemical formula to determine if it contains the peroxide bond.(a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) is sulfuric acid, which does not contain a peroxide bond.(b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{8}\) known as peroxodisulfuric acid or Marshall's acid, contains a peroxide linkage.(c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) is sulfurous acid, which does not contain a peroxide bond.(d) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{5}\) known as Caro's acid or peroxomonosulfuric acid, contains a peroxide linkage.
03

Identify Non-Peroxo Acids

Based on the analysis, identify which chemical formulas do not have the oxygen-oxygen peroxide linkage in their structure. From our analysis, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) do not contain peroxide bonds, hence they are not peroxo acids.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid, chemically represented as \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\), is one of the most widely used chemicals in industry. It is a strong mineral acid without any peroxide linkage. This means it doesn't have the characteristic oxygen-oxygen single bond found in peroxo acids.
Sulfuric acid is typically colorless to slightly yellow in appearance and very highly corrosive.
It is used in various applications like manufacturing fertilizers, refining oil, processing minerals, and even in household drain cleaners.
  • Does not contain a peroxide linkage
  • Widely used in large-scale industrial processes
  • Known for its highly corrosive properties
Understanding sulfuric acid's properties helps recognize why it is not classified as a peroxo acid of sulfur.
Peroxodisulfuric acid
Peroxodisulfuric acid, also known as Marshall's acid, is represented by the chemical formula \(\text{H}_2\text{S}_2\text{O}_8\).This acid is a classical example of a peroxo acid as it incorporates a peroxide linkage within its structure. The central feature of peroxodisulfuric acid is this oxygen-oxygen single bond.
Its formula can be represented more structurally as \((\text{HO}_3\text{SO}_2)\) -O-O- \((\text{SO}_2\text{O}_3\text{H})\), showcasing the -O-O- linkage connecting two sulfur atoms.
  • Contains a peroxide linkage, key to being a peroxo acid
  • Formed by combining two sulfur groups along with the extra oxygen bond
Understanding its complex structure is essential for distinguishing it from non-peroxo acids.
Sulfurous acid
Sulfurous acid with the molecular formula \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_3\) represents a type of sulfur acid that does not have the peroxide bond characteristic of peroxo acids. This makes it distinct from peroxo acids like peroxodisulfuric acid or Caro's acid.
Typically, sulfurous acid is not isolated in its pure form, but exists in an aqueous solution. It is known for easily converting to sulfur dioxide and water.
  • Known for lacking the typical peroxide linkage
  • Primarily found in solution, not in isolated form
  • Crucial for distinguishing non-peroxo nature
Understanding how sulfurous acid differs structurally underscores why it cannot be classified as a peroxo acid.
Peroxide linkage
Peroxide linkage refers to the specific oxygen-oxygen (\(-\text{O-O}-\)) bond found in the molecule's structure. This linkage is a notable marker for identifying peroxo acids among sulfur compounds.
In chemical terms, this single bond between two oxygen atoms imparts a unique reactivity.
  • Essential for classifying compounds as peroxo acids
  • Includes a notable oxygen-oxygen single bond
Recognizing and understanding the peroxide linkage is crucial to distinguish between peroxo and non-peroxo acids.
Caro's acid
Caro's acid, also known as peroxomonosulfuric acid, has the formula \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_5\). This potent acid features the quintessential peroxide linkage, marked by the presence of an -O-O- bond.
Referred to sometimes in industrial contexts as "Piranha solution," Caro's acid is notable for its ability to act as both a very strong oxidizing and cleaning agent.
  • Includes the defining peroxide linkage in its chemical makeup
  • Valued for its strong oxidizing properties
Its distinct characteristics highlight its classification as a peroxo acid, differing from the non-peroxo acids like sulfuric and sulfurous acids.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following substances: 1\. \(\mathrm{OF}_{2}\) 2\. \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} \mathrm{O} \quad\) 3. \(\mathrm{Br}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) The correct sequence of \(X-O=X\) bond angle is (a) \(3>2>1\) (b) \(1>2>3\) (c) \(2>1>3\) (d) \(1>3>2\)

Which of the following statement is/are correct for \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{BO}_{3} ?\) (a) It has a layer structure in which \(\mathrm{BO}_{3}\) units are joined by hydrogen bonds (b) It is obtained by treating borax with conc. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) (c) It is mainly monobasic acid and a Lewis acid (d) It does not act as a proton donor but acts as an acid by accepting hydroxyl ions.

If 1000 cc of air is passed again and again over heated \(\mathrm{Cu}\) and \(\mathrm{Mg}\) till the reduction in volume stops, the volume finally obtained would be approx. (a) \(800 \mathrm{cc}\) (b) \(200 \mathrm{cc}\) (c) \(10 \mathrm{cc}\) (d) zero \(\mathrm{cc}\)

Consider the following transformations: (1) \(\mathrm{XeF}_{6}+\mathrm{NaF}\) \(\rightarrow \mathrm{Na}^{+}\left[\mathrm{XeF}_{7}\right]^{-}\) (2) \(2 \mathrm{PCl}_{5}(\mathrm{~s}) \longrightarrow\left[\mathrm{PCl}_{4}\right]^{+}\left[\mathrm{PCl}_{6}\right]\) (3) \(\left.\left[\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow{[\mathrm{Al}}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{5} \mathrm{OH}\right]^{2+}+\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}\) The possible transformations are (a) 1,2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 only

Which of the following statement(s) is correct here: (a) Hypo phosphorous acid shows reducing properties (b) Pyrophosphoric acid has although 4 - OH groups but it is a dibasic acid (c) Orthophosphorous acid, is obtained during disproportionation of hypo phosphorous acid (d) Meta phosphoric acid on heating gives \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\)
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