Question

Match the catalysts to the correct processe Catalyst Process a. \(\mathrm{TiCl}_{3}\) (i) Wacker process b. \(\mathrm{PdCl}_{2}\) (ii) Ziegler-Natta polymerization c. \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}\) (iii) Contact process d. \(\mathrm{V}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) (iv) Deacon's process (a) a (iii), b (ii), c (iv), d (i) (b) a (ii), b (i), c (iv), d (iii) (c) a (ii), b (iii), c (iv), d (i) (d) a (iii), b (i), c (ii), d (iv)

Short answer

Option (b): a (ii), b (i), c (iv), d (iii).

Step-by-step solution

Analyze Each Catalyst

Identify the industrial process associated with each given catalyst.1. \( \mathrm{TiCl}_{3} \) is commonly used in Ziegler-Natta polymerization, which is critical in producing polyethylene.2. \( \mathrm{PdCl}_{2} \) is used in the Wacker process, which involves the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde.3. \( \mathrm{CuCl}_{2} \) is part of Deacon's process for producing chlorine by the oxidation of hydrochloric acid.4. \( \mathrm{V}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5} \) is used in the Contact process for the production of sulfuric acid.

Match Catalysts to Processes

Match the catalysts with the appropriate industrial process based on the analysis conducted in Step 1:- \( \mathrm{TiCl}_{3} \) with Ziegler-Natta polymerization (ii)- \( \mathrm{PdCl}_{2} \) with Wacker process (i)- \( \mathrm{CuCl}_{2} \) with Deacon's process (iv)- \( \mathrm{V}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \) with Contact process (iii)

Choose the Correct Answer Option

Based on Step 2, identify the corresponding question option that matches the catalysts to their correct processes:- \( \mathrm{a} = \text{(ii)}, \mathrm{b} = \text{(i)}, \mathrm{c} = \text{(iv)}, \mathrm{d} = \text{(iii)} \) matches option (b).

Key concepts

Ziegler-Natta Polymerization

Ziegler-Natta polymerization is a remarkable chemical process used in producing polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene. This process relies on special catalysts that help link small molecules called monomers into long polymer chains. The main catalyst used is titanium trichloride (\(\mathrm{TiCl}_3\)). This creates strong and flexible polymers, which are essential in many everyday products.

• Uses \(\mathrm{TiCl}_3\) as a catalyst
• Key for making plastics like polyethylene
• Polymers created are durable and lightweight

Through Ziegler-Natta polymerization, industries can produce various plastics efficiently, contributing to everything from packaging materials to fibers in clothing.

Wacker Process

The Wacker process is an industrial chemical process that transforms ethylene into acetaldehyde, which is a key ingredient in manufacturing various organic compounds. The catalyst used in this process is palladium chloride (\(\mathrm{PdCl}_2\)).
In a simple sense, this process oxidizes ethylene using water, creating acetaldehyde.

• \(\mathrm{PdCl}_2\) as catalyst
• Converts ethylene into acetaldehyde
• Produces key components for other chemicals

This methodology is fundamental for the production of adhesives, paints, and even some flavors, showcasing how vital catalysts can be in transforming simple elements into complex, usable products.

Deacon's Process

Deacon's process is another important industrial approach for producing chlorine gas, utilized extensively in many applications, from water purification to producing household cleaning products. The main catalyst here is copper(II) chloride (\(\mathrm{CuCl}_2\)).
In this process, hydrochloric acid is oxidized, releasing chlorine gas. It's a critical step in many industrial settings where chlorine is required.

• Involves \(\mathrm{CuCl}_2\) as the catalyst
• Oxidizes hydrochloric acid to produce chlorine
• Essential for chlorine gas production

By utilizing this process, the chemical industry is able to maintain a steady supply of chlorine, which enhances product availability and safety standards.

Contact Process

The Contact process is vital for producing sulfuric acid, one of the most used industrial chemicals today. It utilizes vanadium(V) oxide (\(\mathrm{V}_2\mathrm{O}_5\)) as a catalyst. This process involves converting sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide, which is then used to make sulfuric acid.
Sulfuric acid produced through this method is essential in a wide range of applications, such as fertilizers, battery manufacturing, and chemical synthesis.

• Employs \(\mathrm{V}_2\mathrm{O}_5\) as a catalyst
• Converts \(\mathrm{SO}_2\) to \(\mathrm{SO}_3\)
• Crucial for producing sulfuric acid

The Contact process's efficiency ensures that industries have a reliable supply of high-quality sulfuric acid, which is pivotal for many chemical reactions and product manufacturing processes.