Question

Match the following \hline Column-I (a) Dialysis - (b) Peptisation (c) Emulsification Electrophoresis (d) Column-II (p) Cleansing action of soap (q) Coagulation (r) Colloidal sol formation (s) Purification

Short answer

(a)-s, (b)-r, (c)-p, (d)-q

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Concept

To begin matching the terms in Column I with those in Column II, familiarize yourself with each concept. In this case: - Dialysis is known as a purification method for separating small molecules from colloids. - Peptisation is a process of converting a precipitate into a colloidal solution by shaking with a dispersion medium. - Emulsification is the process of mixing two immiscible liquids, related to the action of soap. - Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate molecules based on their velocity in an electric field.

Matching Each Term

Now that we understand what each term refers to, match them with the corresponding definition in Column II: - (a) Dialysis corresponds to (s) Purification. - (b) Peptisation corresponds to (r) Colloidal sol formation. - (c) Emulsification corresponds to (p) Cleansing action of soap. - (d) Electrophoresis corresponds to (q) Coagulation because it refers to the movement and eventual coagulation or separation of colloidal particles.

Key concepts

Dialysis

Dialysis is a fascinating process primarily used for purification. The purpose of dialysis is to separate small molecules or ions from larger colloidal particles
through a semipermeable membrane. This membrane allows only the smaller particles to pass through, effectively purifying the solution.

• This method is crucial in removing contaminants in colloidal systems.
• In biological systems, dialysis plays a pivotal role in the kidneys, where waste
  products and excess ions are filtered from the blood.

Dialysis has wide-reaching applications, from medical treatments like dialysis for kidney patients to purification processes in scientific experiments.

Peptisation

Peptisation is the process through which a precipitate is converted into a colloidal sol. This occurs
when a precipitate, which is typically a collection of small particles clumped together, is treated with a suitable dispersion medium.
The shaking or adding specific ions helps break the particles apart into a colloidal state.

• A classical example is the peptisation of a starch solution.
• The addition of electrolytes to the solution can facilitate peptisation, as the ions neutralize charges on the particles and keep them dispersed.

Understanding peptisation helps in manipulating colloids for various applications, from food production to pharmaceuticals.

Emulsification

Emulsification is the process of mixing two liquids that don't normally mix, such as oil and water. This process forms an emulsion,
where one liquid is dispersed as tiny droplets within the other.
Emulsification is closely related to the cleansing action of soap.

• Soaps and detergents are typical emulsifying agents; they reduce the surface tension of the liquids, allowing them to mix.
• The presence of emulsifying agents stabilizes the emulsion, preventing the droplets from coalescing back into separate layers.

This concept is vital in daily life and industries, such as in cooking (mayonnaise preparation) and cosmetics (creams and lotions).

Electrophoresis

Electrophoresis is a method used to separate particles or molecules based on their movement in an electric field.
Charged particles in a colloidal dispersion move towards the electrode of opposite charge, creating a separation
of the components based on their charge and size.

• This method is commonly used in laboratories to analyze biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins.
• Through electrophoresis, scientists can determine genetic information or monitor protein purity.

The technique is pivotal in biochemistry and molecular biology, used for diagnosing diseases, genetic research, and more.