Question

Which of the following process is not responsible for the presence of electric charge on the sol particles? (a) Adsorption of ionic species from solution (b) Electron capture by sol particles (c) Absorption of ionic species from solution (d) Formation of Helmholtz electrical doable layer.

Short answer

(c) Absorption of ionic species from solution.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Processes

First, understand what each process entails. Adsorption refers to particles accumulating on the surface, usually of sol particles, which can influence charge presence. Electron capture involves sol particles drawing in free electrons, impacting charge. Absorption into sol particles involves taking in particles through the structure, rather than just on the surface. The Helmholtz layer forms as charged layers within a fluid determine the electric potential.

Identifying Absorption Process

Next, focus specifically on absorption of ionic species from a solution. Absorption refers to ionic species being taken inside sol particles. Unlike adsorption, which only affects the surface, absorption is when ions penetrate the interior, making it different from surface-bound processes like forming an electric charge due to ionic species on the surface.

Analyzing Charge Mechanism

Examine how each process contributes to charge presence. Adsorption and Helmholtz layers align by affecting surface charges. Electron capture directly alters sol particle charges. Absorption tends to involve bulk incorporation without predominantly altering surface charge dynamics.

Concluding the Incorrect Process

Determine that absorption does not primarily refer to the surface interaction needed to develop electric charges; it indeed involves internalization which doesn't directly contribute to charge on sol particles. Therefore, absorption is unlikely to be responsible for charging sol particles.

Key concepts

Electric Charge on Sol Particles

Sol particles, often a feature of colloidal systems, typically hold an electric charge. This charge arises due to several processes. Understanding these processes is key to grasping how a sol particle carries its charge and maintains stability in a colloidal suspension. One of the foremost reasons sol particles acquire charge is through the

• adsorption of ions from the surrounding solution onto their surface,
• the capture of electrons, and
• the creation of charged layers known as Helmholtz layers.

In these cases, sol particles carry charges due to the interactions at their surface, affecting their behavior in a dispersed system. The distinction between adsorption and absorption makes it clear why absorption doesn’t typically contribute to the sol particle's surface charge. Absorption implies the uptake of substances into the particle’s interior, which doesn't change the charge aspect of surface interaction.

Adsorption vs Absorption

The concepts of adsorption and absorption are often confused, yet they play different roles in chemistry, particularly concerning sol particles. Adsorption refers to the process where particles, like ions and molecules, adhere to a surface, such as that of a sol particle. This surface-bound process significantly influences the electric charge and, thus, the stability and interaction of colloidal particles.
Absorption, on the other hand, occurs when ions or molecules are incorporated into the bulk of the material. In the context of sol particles, this means the substances penetrate the inner structure rather than remaining only on the surface. Therefore, absorption does not typically change the surface charge of sol particles, making it unlikely to be the cause of the electric charge on a sol particle.
It's crucial to be aware of these differing actions to understand their impact on colloidal behavior. For electrical interactions, the role of adsorption is far more critical than absorption.

Helmholtz Electrical Double Layer

The Helmholtz electrical double layer adds a fascinating dimension to understanding how sol particles acquire electric charge. This double layer is formed at the interface between colloidal solids and the liquid medium they're in. Essentially, an inner layer of ions, tightly bound to the sol particle surface, is surrounded by a more diffuse outer layer of ions.
Such an arrangement aids in defining the electric potential at the boundary of the sol particle and affects how particles interact within the colloid. The distribution and density of ions in these layers play a critical role in forming the particle's effective charge.
When ions from the surrounding solution are adsorbed to form the Helmholtz layer, they create an electric field that immensely influences the particle interactions, balancing attractive and repulsive forces within the medium.

Ionic Species Interaction

Ionic species interaction is paramount when discussing electric charges on sol particles. These interactions are primarily about how ions in a solution behave when they're near sol particles. Depending on whether an ion is adsorbed onto the surface or contributes to the Helmholtz layer, it directly impacts the colloid's stability and behavior.
Consider how different ions can adhere to the surface of a sol particle, impacting the particle's net charge. This adherence affects the repulsion or attraction between particles, crucial for maintaining a dispersed state in colloids.

• Sodium and chloride ions, for example, can attach to the surface, influencing the electric potential.
• This potential affects the colloidal stability by dictating if particles will repel or aggregate as they encounter one another.

Hence, the relations and interactions of ionic species with sol particles are essential for maintaining charge and overall colloidal stability.