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Describe the critical factor in evaluating whether a performance obligation is satisfied.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Change in control is the deciding factor in determining when a performance obligation is satisfied. The customer controls the product or service when it can direct the use of and obtain all the remaining benefits from the asset or service substantially.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction to Revenue Criteria

  1. The customer receives and consumes the benefits as the seller performs.
  2. The customer controls the asset as it is created or enhanced

Example- builder constructs a building on a customer’s property).

  1. The company does not have an alternative use for the asset created or enhanced

Example -an aircraft manufacturer builds speciality jets to a customer’s specifications) and either

(a) the customer receives benefits as the company performs, and therefore, the task

would not need to be re-performed,

(b) the company has a right to payment, and this right is enforceable.

02

Methods to measure performance obligation

Companies use various methods to determine the extent of progress toward completion. The most common are the cost-to-cost and units-of-delivery methods. The objective of all these methods is to measure the extent of progress in terms of costs, units, or value-added.

A company recognizes revenue from a performance obligation over time by measuring the progress toward completion. The method selected for measuring progress should depict the transfer of control from the company to the customer.

For many service arrangements, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis because the performance obligation is being satisfied over the contract period.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why in franchise arrangements may it be improper to recognize the entire franchise fee as revenue at the date of sale?

In September 2017, Gaertner Corp. commits to selling 150 of its iPhone-compatible docking stations to Better Buy Co. for \(15,000 (\)100 per product). The stations are delivered to Better Buy over the next 6 months. After 90 stations are delivered, the contract is modified and Gaertner promises to deliver an additional 45 products for an additional \(4,275 (\)95 per station). All sales are cash on delivery.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entry for Gaertner for the sale of the first 90 stations. The cost of each station is $54.

(b) Prepare the journal entry for the sale of 10 more stations after the contract modification, assuming that the price for the additional stations reflects the standalone selling price at the time of the contract modification. In addition, the additional stations are distinct from the original products as Gaertner regularly sells the products separately.

(c) Prepare the journal entry for the sale of 10 more stations (as in (b)), assuming that the pricing for the additional products does not reflect the standalone selling price of the additional products and the prospective method is used.

On January 2, 2017, Grando Company sells production equipment to Fargo Inc. for \(50,000. Grando includes a 2-year assurance warranty service with the sale of all its equipment. The customer receives and pays for the equipment on January 2, 2017. During 2017, Grando incurs costs related to warranties of \)900. At December 31, 2017, Grando estimates that \(650 of warranty costs will be incurred in the second year of the warranty.

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entry to record this transaction on January 2, 2017, and on December 31, 2017 (assuming financial statements are prepared on December 31, 2017).

(b) Repeat the requirements for (a), assuming that in addition to the assurance warranty, Grando sold an extended warranty (service-type warranty) for an additional 2 years (2019–2020) for \)800.

Kristin Company sells 300 units of its products for \(20 each to Logan Inc. for cash. Kristin allows Logan to return any unused product within 30 days and receive a full refund. The cost of each product is \)12. To determine the transaction price, Kristin decides that the approach that is most predictive of the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled is the probability-weighted amount. Using the probability-weighted amount, Kristin estimates that (1) 10 products will be returned and (2) the returned products are expected to be resold at a profit. Indicate the amount of (a) net sales, (b) estimated liability for refunds, and (c) cost of goods sold that Kristen should report in its financial statements (assume that none of the products have been returned at the financial statement date).

(Determine Transaction Price) Jeff Heun, president of Concrete Always, agrees to construct a concrete cart path at Dakota Golf Club. Concrete Always enters into a contract with Dakota to construct the path for \(200,000. In addition, as part of the contract, a performance bonus of \)40,000 will be paid based on the timing of completion. The performance bonus will be paid fully if completed by the agreed-upon date. The performance bonus decreases by $10,000 per week for every week beyond the agreed-upon completion date. Jeff has been involved in a number of contracts that had performance bonuses as part of the agreement in the past. As a result, he is fairly confident that he will receive a good portion of the performance bonus. Jeff estimates, given the constraints of his schedule related to other jobs , that there is 55% probability that he will complete the project on time, a 30% probability that he will be 1 week late, and a 15% probability that he will be 2 weeks late.

Instructions

(a) Determine the transaction price that Concrete Always should compute for this agreement.

(b) Assume that Jeff Heun has reviewed his work schedule and decided that it makes sense to complete this project on time. Assuming that he now believes that the probability for completing the project on time is 90% and otherwise it will be finished 1 week late, determine the transaction price.

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