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What is meant by “accounting symmetry” between the entries recorded by the debtor and creditor in a troubled-debt restructuring involving a modification of terms? In what ways is the accounting for troubled-debt restructurings non-symmetrical?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Accounting symmetry relatesto arelationship among the entries listed by each participant.

Accounting for troubled-debt restructurings is non-symmetrical because when the creditor records loss, the debtor does not record at all.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of troubled-Debt Restructuring

A troubled-debt restructuring takes place when a borrower permits allowances that it would have generally regarded because of the economic crisis of the debtor.

02

Accounting symmetry

“Accounting symmetry” is a type of agreement among the entries listed by both the debtorandthe creditor in a troubled-debt restructuring. That is, a loss of one party leads to the gain of the other by the same amount.

03

Ways that define that the accounting for troubled-debt restructuring is non-symmetrical

Troubled-debt restructurings are non-symmetrical as creditors estimate their losses with the help of discounted present value of future cash flows, whereas debtors compute their gains with the help of non-discounted cash flows.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Comprehensive Problem: Issuance, Classification, Reporting) The following are four independent situations.

(a) On March 1, 2018, Wilke Co. issued at 103 plus accrued interest \(4,000,000, 9% bonds. The bonds are dated January 1, 2018, and pay interest semiannually on July 1 and January 1. In addition, Wilke Co. incurred \)27,000 of bond issuance costs. Compute the net amount of cash received by Wilke Co. as a result of the issuance of these bonds.

(b) On January 1, 2017, Langley Co. issued 9% bonds with a face value of \(700,000 for \)656,992 to yield 10%. The bonds are dated January 1, 2017, and pay interest annually. What amount is reported for interest expense in 2017 related to these bonds, assuming that Langley used the effective-interest method for amortizing bond premium and discount?

(c) Tweedie Building Co. has a number of long-term bonds outstanding at December 31, 2017. These long-term bonds have the following sinking fund requirements and maturities for the next 6 years.

Sinking Fund

Maturities

2018

\(300,000

\)100,000

2019

100,000

250,000

2020

100,000

100,000

2021

200,000

-

2022

200,000

150,000

2023

200,000

100,000

Indicate how this information should be reported in the financial statements at December 31, 2017.

(d) In the long-term debt structure of Beckford Inc., the following three bonds were reported: mortgage bonds payable \(10,000,000; collateral trust bonds \)5,000,000; bonds maturing in installments, secured by plant equipment $4,000,000. Determine the total amount, if any, of debenture bonds outstanding

Fallen Company commonly issues long-term notes payable to its various lenders. Fallen has had a pretty good credit rating such that its effective borrowing rate is quite low (less than 8% on an annual basis). Fallen has elected to use the fair value option for the long-term notes issued to Barclay’s Bank and has the following data related to the carrying and fair value for these notes. Any changes in fair value are due to changes in market rates, not credit risk.

Carrying Value

Fair Value

December 31, 2017

\(54,000

\)54,000

December 31, 2018

44,000

42,500

December 31, 2019

36,000

38,000

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entry at December 31 (Fallen’s year-end) for 2017, 2018, and 2019, to record the fair value option for these notes.

(b) At what amount will the note be reported on Fallen’s 2018 balance sheet?

(c) What is the effect of recording the fair value option on these notes on Fallen’s 2019 income?

(d) Assuming that general market interest rates have been stable over the period, does the fair value data for the notes indicate that Fallen’s creditworthiness has improved or declined in 2019? Explain.

All of the following are differences between IFRS and GAAP in accounting for liabilities except:

a) When a bond is issued at a discount, GAAP records the discount in a separate contra liability account. IFRS records the bond net of the discount.

b) Under IFRS, bond issuance costs reduce the carrying value of the debt. Under GAAP, these costs are recorded as an asset and amortized to expense over the terms of the bond.

c) GAAP, but not IFRS, uses the term “troubled-debt restructurings.”

d) GAAP, but not IFRS, uses the term “provisions” for contingent liabilities which are accrued.

Assume the same information as in E14-4, except that Celine Dion Company uses the effective-interest method of amortization for bond premium or discount. Assume an effective yield of 9.7705%

Instructions

Prepare the journal entries to record the following. (Round to the nearest dollar.)

(a) The issuance of the bonds.

(b) The payment of interest and related amortization on July 1, 2017.

(c) The accrual of interest and the related amortization on December 31, 2017.

(Effective-Interest Method) Samantha Cordelia, an intermediate accounting student, is having difficulty amortizing bond premiums and discounts using the effective-interest method. Furthermore, she cannot understand why GAAP requires that this method be used instead of the straight-line method. She has come to you with the following problem, looking for help.

On June 30, 2017, Hobart Company issued \(2,000,000 face value of 11%, 20-year bonds at \)2,171,600, a yield of 10%. Hobart Company uses the effective-interest method to amortize bond premiums or discounts. The bonds pay semiannual interest on June 30 and December 31. Prepare an amortization schedule for four periods.

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