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Explain the transaction approach to measuring income. Why is the transaction approach to income measurement preferable to other ways of measuring income?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The transaction approach provides information regarding those activities that have occurred during a particular period. This approach is preferable because it includes a detailed explanation of the components.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Revenues

Revenue refers to the amount of money received from the business's general operations. Costs are deducted from the revenues to get the net income.

02

Explanation of transaction approach

The transaction approach includes the major components of the income statement like revenues, gains, expenses, and loss transactions. The other alternative to measuring income is the capital maintenance approach that includes only the changes in net income but not the essential elements like revenues and expenses of the income statement. Hence,the transaction approach is preferable to any other way to measure income.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Bobek Inc. has recently reported steadily increasing income. The company reported income of \(20,000 in 2014, \)25,000 in 2015, and \(30,000 in 2016. A number of market analysts have recommended that investors buy the stock because they expect the steady growth in income to continue. Bobek is approaching the end of its fiscal year in 2017, and it again appears to be a good year. However, it has not yet recorded warranty expense.

Based on prior experience, this yearโ€™s warranty expense should be around \)5,000, but some managers have approached the controller to suggest a larger, more conservative warranty expense should be recorded this year. Income before warranty expense is \(43,000. Specifically, by recording a \)7,000 warranty accrual this year, Bobek could report an increase in income for this year and still be in a position to cover its warranty costs in future years.

Instructions

(a) What is earnings management?

How can earnings management affect the quality of earnings?

Question: Presented below is a combined single-step income and retained earnings statement for Nerwin Company for 2017.

(000 omitted)

Net sales revenue \(640,000

Costs and expenses

Cost of goods sold \)500,000

Selling, general, and administrative expenses 66,000

Other, net 17,000

583,000

Income before income tax 57,000

Income tax 19,400

Net income 37,600

Retained earnings at beginning of period, as previously reported 141,000

Adjustment required for correction of error (7,000)

Retained earnings at beginning of period, as restated 134,000

Dividends on common stock (12,200)

Retained earnings at end of period \(159,400

Additional facts are as follows.

1. โ€œSelling, general, and administrative expensesโ€ for 2017 included a charge of \)8,500,000 that was usual but infrequently occurring.

2. โ€œOther, netโ€ for 2017 included a loss on sale of equipment of $6,000,000.

3. โ€œAdjustment required for correction of an errorโ€ was a result of a change in estimate (useful life of certain assets reduced to 8 years and a catch-up adjustment made).

4. Nerwin Company disclosed earnings per common share for net income in the notes to the financial statements.

Instructions

Determine from these additional facts whether the presentation of the facts in the Nerwin Company income and retained earnings statement is appropriate. If the presentation is not appropriate, describe the appropriate presentation and discuss its theoretical rationale. (Do not prepare a revised statement.)

Generally accepted accounting principles usually require the use of accrual accounting to โ€œfairly presentโ€ income. If the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting will โ€œclearly reflectโ€ taxable income, why does this method not usually also โ€œfairly presentโ€ income?

What is meant by โ€œtax allocation within a periodโ€? What is the justification for such practice?

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