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Chapter 24: Question 20Q (page 1452)

What is a performance obligation, and how is it used to determine when revenue should be recognized?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Performance obligations are a promise made by the seller of the good to its buyer to transfer goods or services at a particular time period.

Revenue should be recognized when it is realized or realizable and when it is earned.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Performance Obligation

A promise containing obligations to act in accordance with the standards stated in the relevant agreement is known as a performance obligation.

02

Ways to determine when revenue should be recognized.

Companies recognize revenue when a performance obligation is fulfilled. The principle for recognizing revenue under certain generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) states that the company should recognize revenue under the following terms:

  • At the point of production.
  • At the time of sale, and
  • On delivery or receipt of cash.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Edna Millay Inc. is a manufacturer of electronic components and accessories with total assets of $20,000,000. Selected financial ratios for Millay and the industry averages for firms of similar size are presented below.

Edna Millay

2017 Industry

2015

2016

2017

Averages

Current ratio

2.09

2.27

2.51

2.24

Quick ratio

1.15

1.12

1.19

1.22

Inventory turnover

2.40

2.18

2.02

3.50

Net sales to stockholdersโ€™ equity

2.71

2.80

2.99

2.85

Return on common stockholdersโ€™ equity

0.14

0.15

0.17

0.11

Total liabilities to stockholdersโ€™ equity

1.41

1.37

1.44

0.95

Millay is being reviewed by several entities whose interests vary, and the companyโ€™s financial ratios are a part of the data being considered. Each of the parties listed below must recommend an action based on its evaluation of Millayโ€™s financial position.

Archibald MacLeish Bank. The bank is processing Millayโ€™s application for a new 5-year term note. Archibald MacLeish has been Millayโ€™s banker for several years but must reevaluate the companyโ€™s financial position for each major transaction.

Robert Penn Warren. A brokerage firm specializing in the stock of electronics firms that are sold over-the-counter, Robert Penn Warren must decide if it will include Millay in a new fund being established for sale to Robert Penn Warrenโ€™s clients.

Working Capital Management Committee. This is a committee of Millayโ€™s management personnel chaired by the chief operating officer. The committee is charged with the responsibility of periodically reviewing the companyโ€™s working capital position, comparing actual data against budgets, and recommending changes in strategy as needed.

Instructions

a) Describe the analytical use of each of the six ratios presented above.

The following statement is an excerpt from the FASB pronouncement related to interim reporting. Interim financial information is essential to provide investors and others with timely information as to the progress of the enterprise. The usefulness of such information rests on the relationship that it has to the annual results of operations. Accordingly, the Board has concluded that each interim period should be viewed primarily as an integral part of an annual period. In general, the results for each interim period should be based on the accounting principles and practices used by an enterprise in the preparation of its latest annual financial statements unless a change in an accounting practice or policy has been adopted in the current year. The Board has concluded, however, that certain accounting principles and practices followed for annual reporting purposes may require modification at interim reporting dates so that the reported results for the interim period may better relate to the results of operations for the annual period.

Instructions

The following six independent cases present how accounting facts might be reported on an individual companyโ€™s interim financial reports. For each of these cases, state whether the method proposed to be used for interim reporting would be acceptable under generally accepted accounting principles applicable to interim financial data. Support each answer with a brief explanation.

b) Rockford Company is planning to report one-fourth of its pension expense each quarter.

Where can authoritative IFRS be found related to the various disclosure issues discussed in the chapter?

(Ratio Computations and Additional Analysis) Bradburn Corporation was formed 5 years ago through a public subscription of common stock. Daniel Brown, who owns 15% of the common stock, was one of the organizers of Bradburn and is its current president. The company has been successful, but it currently is experiencing a shortage of funds. On June 10, 2018, Daniel Brown approached the Topeka National Bank, asking for a 24-month extension on two \(35,000 notes, which are due on June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018. Another note of \)6,000 is due on March 31, 2019, but he expects no difficulty in paying this note on its due date. Brown explained that Bradburnโ€™s cash flow problems are due primarily to the companyโ€™s desire to finance a \(300,000 plant expansion over the next 2 fiscal years through internally generated funds. The commercial loan officer of Topeka National Bank requested the following financial reports for the last 2 fiscal years

BRADBURN CORPORATION

BALANCE SHEET

MARCH 31

Assets

2018

2017

Cash

\) 18,200

\( 12,500

Notes receivable

148,000

132,000

Accounts receivable (net)

131,800

125,500

Inventories (at cost)

105,000

50,000

Plant & Equipment (net of depreciation)

1,449,000

1,420,500

Total assets

\)1,852,000

\(1,740,500

Liabilities and Stockholdersโ€™ Equity

Accounts payable

\) 79,000

\( 91,000

Notes payable

76,000

61,500

Accrued liabilities

9,000

6,000

Common stock (130,000 shares, \)10 par)

1,300,000

1,300,000

Retained earnings*

388,000

282,000

Total liabilities and stockholdersโ€™ equity

\(1,852,000

\)1,740,500

*Cash dividends were paid at the rate of \(1 per share in the fiscal year 2017 and \)2 per share in the fiscal year 2018.

BRADBURN CORPORATION

INCOME STATEMENT

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31

2018

2017

Sales revenue

\(3,000,000

\)2,700,000

Cost of goods sold*

1,530,000

1,425,000

Gross margin

1,470,000

1,275,000

Operating expenses

860,000

780,000

Income before income taxes

610,000

495,000

Income taxes (40%)

244,000

198,000

Net income

\( 366,000

\) 297,000

Depreciation charges on the plant and equipment of \(100,000 and \)102,500 for fiscal years ended March 31, 2017, and 2018, respectively, are included in the cost of goods sold.

Instructions

(a).Compute the following items for Bradburn Corporation.

3. Inventory turnover for fiscal year 2018.

Snider Corporation, a publicly-traded company, is preparing the interim financial data which it will issue to its shareholders at the end of the first quarter of the 2017โ€“2018 fiscal year. Sniderโ€™s financial accounting department has compiled the following summarized revenue and expense data for the first quarter of the year.

Sales revenue \(60,000,000

Cost of goods sold 36,000,000

Variable selling expenses 1,000,000

Fixed selling expenses 3,000,000

Included in the fixed selling expenses was the single lump-sum payment of \)2,000,000 for television advertisements for the entire year.

Instructions

a) Snider Corporation must issue its quarterly financial statements in accordance with IFRS regarding interim financial reporting.

2. State how the sales revenue, cost of goods sold, and fixed selling expenses would be reflected in Snider Corporationโ€™s quarterly report prepared for the first quarter of the 2017โ€“2018 fiscal year. Briefly y justify your presentation.

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