Chapter 16: Dilutive Securities and Earnings per Share

CA16-3 WRITING (Stock Warrants—Various Types) For various reasons a corporation may issue warrants to purchase shares of its common stock at specified prices that, depending on the circumstances, may be less than, equal to, or greater than the current market price. For example, warrants may be issued:

1. To existing stockholders on a pro rata basis.

2. To certain key employees under an incentive stock-option plan.

3. To purchasers of the corporation’s bonds.

Instructions

For each of the three examples of how stock warrants are used:

(a) Explain why they are used.

(b) Discuss the significance of the price (or prices) at which the warrants are issued (or granted) in relation to (1) the current market price of the company’s stock, and (2) the length of time over which they can be exercised.

(c) Describe the information that should be disclosed in financial statements, or notes thereto, that are prepared when stock warrants are outstanding in the hands of the three groups listed above

(Conversion of Bonds) Vargo Company has bonds payable outstanding in the amount of \(500,000, and the Premium on Bonds Payable account has a balance of \)7,500. Each \(1,000 bond is convertible into 20 shares of preferred stock of parvalue of \)50 per share. All bonds are converted into preferred stock.

IFRS16-3 Norman Co., a fast-growing golf equipment company, uses GAAP. It is considering the issuance of convertible bonds. The bonds mature in 10 years, have a face value of \(400,000, and pay interest annually at a rate of 4%. The equity component of the bond issue has a fair value of \)35,000. Greg Shark is curious as to the difference in accounting for these bonds if the company were to use IFRS.

(a) Prepare the entry to record issuance of the bonds at par under GAAP.

(b) Repeat the requirement for part (a), assuming application of IFRS to the bond issuance.

(c) Which approach provides the better accounting? Explain.

Question: Under IFRS, convertible bonds:

(a) are separated into the bond component and the expense component.

(b) are separated into debt and equity components.

(c) are separated into their components based on relative fair values.

(d) All of the above.

Question: . Mae Jong Corp. issues \(1,000,000 of 10% bonds payable which may be converted into 10,000 shares of \)2 par value ordinary shares. The market rate of interest on similar bonds is 12%. Interest is payable annually on December 31, and the bonds were issued for total proceeds of $1,000,000. In accounting for these bonds, Mae Jong Corp. will:

(a) first assign a value to the equity component, then determine the liability component.

(b) assign no value to the equity component since the conversion privilege is not separable from the bond.

(c) first assign a value to the liability component based on the face amount of the bond.

(d) use the “with-and-without” method to value the compound instrument.

Eisler Corporation issued 2,000 \(1,000 bonds at 101. Each bond was issued with one detachable stock warrant. After issuance, the bonds were selling in the market at 98, and the warrants had a market price of \)40. Use the proportional method to record the issuance of the bonds and warrants.

CA16-4 WRITING (Stock Compensation Plans) The following two items appeared on the Internet concerning the GAAP requirement to expense stock options.

WASHINGTON, D.C.—February 17, 2005 Congressman David Dreier (R–CA), Chairman of the House Rules Committee, and Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D–CA) reintroduced legislation today that will preserve broad-based employee stock option plans and give investors critical information they need to understand how employee stock options impact the value of their shares.

“Last year, the U.S. House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted for legislation that would have ensured the continued ability of innovative companies to offer stock options to rank-and-file employees,” Dreier stated. “Both the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) continue to ignore our calls to address legitimate concerns about the impact of FASB’s new standard on workers’ ability to have an ownership stake in the New Economy, and its failure to address the real need of shareholders: accurate and meaningful information about a company’s use of stock options.”

In December 2004, FASB issued a stock option expensing standard that will render a huge blow to the 21st century economy,” Dreier said. “Their action and the SEC’s apparent lack of concern for protecting shareholders, requires us to once again take a firm stand on the side of investors and economic growth. Giving investors the ability to understand how stock options impact the value of their shares is critical. And equally important is preserving the ability of companies to use this innovative tool to attract talented employees.”

“Here We Go Again!” by Jack Ciesielski (2/21/2005, http://www.accountingobserver.com/blog/2005/02/here-we-go-again) On February 17, Congressman David Dreier (R–CA), and Congresswoman Anna Eshoo (D–CA), officially entered Silicon Valley’s bid to gum up the launch of honest reporting of stock option compensation: They co-sponsored a bill to “preserve broad-based employee stock option plans and give investors critical information they need to understand how employee stock options impact the value of their shares.” You know what “critical information” they mean: stuff like the stock compensation for the top five officers in a company, with a rigged value set as close to zero as possible. Investors crave this kind of information. Other ways the good Congresspersons want to “help” investors: The bill “also requires the SEC to study the effectiveness of those disclosures over three years, during which time, no new accounting standard related to the treatment of stock options could be recognized. Finally, the bill requires the Secretary of Commerce to conduct a study and report to Congress on the impact of broad-based employee stock option plans on expanding employee corporate ownership, skilled worker recruitment and retention, research and innovation, economic growth, and international competitiveness.”

It’s the old “four corners” basketball strategy: stall, stall, stall. In the meantime, hope for regime change at your opponent, the FASB.

Instructions

(a) What are the major recommendations of the stock-based compensation pronouncement?

(b) How do the provisions of GAAP in this area differ from the bill introduced by members of Congress (Dreier and Eshoo), which would require expensing for options issued to only the top five officers in a company? Which approach do you think would result in more useful information? (Focus on comparability.)

(c) The bill in Congress urges the FASB to develop a rule that preserves “the ability of companies to use this innovative tool to attract talented employees.” Write a response to these Congress-people explaining the importance of neutrality in financial accounting and reporting.

(Conversion of Bonds) On January 1, 2016, when its \(30 par value common stock was selling for \)80 per share, Plato Corp. issued \(10,000,000 of 8% convertible debentures due in 20 years. The conversion option allowed the holder of each \)1,000 bond to convert the bond into five shares of the corporation’s common stock. The debentures were issued for \(10,800,000.The present value of the bond payments at the time of issuance was \)8,500,000, and the corporation believes the difference between the present value and the amount paid is attributable to the conversion feature. On January 1, 2017, the corporation’s \(30 par value common stock was split 2 for 1, and the conversion rate for the bonds was adjusted accordingly. On January 1, 2018, when the corporation’s \)15 par value common stock was selling for $135 per share, holders of 30% of the convertible debentures exercisedtheir conversion options. The corporation uses the straight-line method for amortizing anybond discounts or premiums.

a) Prepare in general journal form the entry to record the original issuance of the convertible debentures.

(b) Prepare in general journal form the entry to record the exercise of the conversion option, using the book value method.

Show supporting computations in good form.

Briefly discuss the convergence efforts that are under way by the IASB and FASB in the area of dilutive securities and earnings per share.

(Stock-Based Compensation) Assume that Amazon.com has a stock-option plan for top management. Each

stock option represents the right to purchase a share of Amazon \(1 par value common stock in the future at a price equal to the

fair value of the stock at the date of the grant. Amazon has 5,000 stock options outstanding, which were granted at the beginning

of 2017. The following data relate to the option grant.

Exercise price for options \)40

Market price at grant date (January 1, 2017) \(40

Fair value of options at grant date (January 1, 2017) \)6

Service period 5 years

Instructions

(a) Prepare the journal entry(ies) for the first year of the stock-option plan.

(b) Prepare the journal entry(ies) for the first year of the plan assuming that, rather than options, 700 shares of restricted

stock were granted at the beginning of 2017.

(c) Now assume that the market price of Amazon stock on the grant date was $45 per share. Repeat the requirements for

(a) and (b).

(d) Amazon would like to implement an employee stock-purchase plan for rank-and-file employees, but it would like to

avoid recording expense related to this plan. Which of the following provisions must be in place for the plan to avoid

recording compensation expense?

(1) Substantially all employees may participate.

(2) The discount from market is small (less than 5%).

(3) The plan offers no substantive option feature.

(4) There is no preferred stock outstanding