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What are the major factors considered in determining what depreciation method to use?

Short Answer

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Answer

From a conceptual point of view, the method that best matches revenue and expenses should be used.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Depreciation

Depreciation is an accounting procedure that is used to know the exact value of the asset as time passes and the asset becomes absolute. A company has different options for analyzing depreciation, with straight-line method being the most common one.

02

Explaining the major factors considered in determining what depreciation method to use

From a theoretical standpoint, the technique that best fits income and costs should be utilized; in other words, the solution is determined by the asset's reduction in a service capacity. An expedited procedure will appear to be more desirable if the service potential loss is faster in the early years. If, on the other hand, the fall is more uniform, a straight-line method could be preferable.

For practical reasons, many businesses use depreciation strategies. Since a bigger net income number is displayed on the books in the early years, yet smaller tax is paid to the government, some corporations utilize accelerated techniques for tax reasons, but straight-line for book purposes. Others try to employ the same procedure for tax and accounting purposes since it saves time and money. In some cases, tax policy is also a factor.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Brazil Group purchases a vehicle at a cost of \(50,000 on January 2, 2017. Individual components of the vehicle and useful lives are as follows.

Cost

Useful Lives

Tires

\) 6,000

2 years

Transmission

10,000

5 years

Trucks

34,000

10 years

Instructions

(Assume no residual (salvage) value.)

  1. Compute depreciation expense for 2017, assuming Brazil depreciates the vehicle as a single unit.
  2. Compute depreciation expense for 2017, assuming Brazil uses component depreciation.
  3. Why might a company want to use component depreciation to depreciate its assets?

(Comprehensive Fixed-Asset Problem) Darby Sporting Goods Inc. has been experiencing growth in the demand for its products over the last several years. The last two Olympic Games greatly increased the popularity of basketball around the world. As a result, a European sports retailing consortium entered into an agreement with Darbyโ€™s Roundball Division to purchase basketballs and other accessories on an increasing basis over the next 5 years.

To be able to meet the quantity commitments of this agreement, Darby had to obtain additional manufacturing capacity. A real estate firm located an available factory in close proximity to Darbyโ€™s Roundball manufacturing facility, and Darby agreed to purchase the factory and used machinery from Encino Athletic Equipment Company on October 1, 2016. Renovations were necessary to convert the factory for Darbyโ€™s manufacturing use.

The terms of the agreement required Darby to pay Encino \(50,000 when renovations started on January 1, 2017, with the balance to be paid as renovations were completed. The overall purchase price for the factory and machinery was \)400,000. The building renovations were contracted to Malone Construction at \(100,000. The payments made, as renovations progressed during 2017, are shown below. The factory was placed in service on January 1, 2018.

1/1

4/1

10/1

12/31

Encino

\)50,000

\(90,000

\)110,000

\(150,000

Malone

30,000

30,000

40,000

On January 1, 2017, Darby secured a \)500,000 line-of-credit with a 12% interest rate to finance the purchase cost of the factory and machinery, and the renovation costs. Darby drew down on the line-of-credit to meet the payment schedule shown above; this was Darbyโ€™s only outstanding loan during 2017.

Bob Sprague, Darbyโ€™s controller, will capitalize the maximum allowable interest costs for this project. Darbyโ€™s policy regarding purchases of this nature is to use the appraisal value of the land for book purposes and prorate the balance of the purchase price over the remaining items. The building had originally cost Encino \(300,000 and had a net book value of \)50,000, while the machinery originally cost \(125,000 and had a net book value of \)40,000 on the date of sale. The land was recorded on Encinoโ€™s books at \(40,000. An appraisal, conducted by independent appraisers at the time of acquisition, valued the land at \)290,000, the building at \(105,000, and the machinery at \)45,000.

Angie Justice, chief engineer, estimated that the renovated plant would be used for 15 years, with an estimated salvage value of \(30,000. Justice estimated that the productive machinery would have a remaining useful life of 5 years and a salvage value of \)3,000. Darbyโ€™s depreciation policy specifies the 200% declining-balance method for machinery and the 150% decliningbalance method for the

plant. One-half yearโ€™s depreciation is taken in the year the plant is placed in service, and one-half year is allowed when the property is disposed of or retired. Darby uses a 360-day year for calculating interest costs.

Instructions

  1. Determine the amounts to be recorded on the books of Darby Sporting Goods Inc. as of December 31, 2017, for each of the following properties acquired from Encino Athletic Equipment Company.
    1. Land.
    2. Buildings.
    3. Machinery.
  2. Calculate Darby Sporting Goods Inc.โ€™s 2018 depreciation expense, for book purposes, for each of the properties acquired from Encino Athletic Equipment Company.
  3. Discuss the arguments for and against the capitalization of interest costs.

In the extractive industries, businesses may pay dividends in excess of net income. What is the maximum permissible? How can this practice be justified?

Neither depreciation on replacement cost nor depreciation adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar has been recognized as generally accepted accounting principles for inclusion in the primary financial statements. Briefly present the accounting treatment that might be used to assist in the maintenance of the ability of a company to replace its productive capacity.

On January 1, 2016, Locke Company, a small machine-tool manufacturer, acquired for \(1,260,000 a piece of new industrial equipment. The new equipment had a useful life of 5 years, and the salvage value was estimated to be \)60,000. Locke estimates that the new equipment can produce 12,000 machine tools in its first year. It estimates that production will decline by 1,000 units per year over the remaining useful life of the equipment.

The following depreciation methods may be used:

  1. straight-line,
  2. double-declining-balance,
  3. sum-of-the-yearsโ€™-digits, and
  4. units-of-output. For tax purposes, the class life is 7 years.

Use the MACRS tables for computing depreciation.

Instructions

  1. Which depreciation method would maximize net income for financial statement reporting for the 3-year period ending December 31, 2018? Prepare a schedule showing the amount of accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2018, under the method selected. Ignore present value, income tax, and deferred income tax considerations.
  2. Which depreciation method (MACRS or optional straight-line) would minimize net income for income tax reporting for the 3-year period ending December 31, 2018? Determine the amount of accumulated depreciation at December 31, 2018. Ignore present value considerations.
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