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Question: Discuss the basic accounting problem that arises in handling each of the following situations. (a) Assets purchased by issuance of common stock. (b) Acquisition of plant assets by gift or donation. (c) Purchase of a plant asset subject to a cash discount. (d) Assets purchased on a long-term credit basis. (e) A group of assets acquired for a lump sum. (f) An asset traded in or exchanged for another asset.

Short Answer

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Answer

Basis accounting problem that arises in each situation is related to the valuation of the assets purchased. Each situation is related to at which cost asset is recorded in the books.

Step by step solution

01

Purchase of asset by issue of common stock

Accounting problem in case of purchase of asset by issue of common stock is arises to determine the value of asset. In this case, value of asset is not based on the par value of the common stock. Company uses the market value of stock to determine the value of the property.

02

Plant asset acquired in form of gift or donation

Company did not pay any price when plant asset is acquired by gift or donation. So, accounting problem of valuation of asset arises. In this case, fair value of the asset is used.

03

Plant asset purchased on cash discount

Plant asset purchased at cash discount arise the problem of treatment of cash discount. Whether cash discount is subtracted from the total cost or not. Both the treatments are used by the accountants.

04

Asset purchased on long term credit

When asset is purchased by the company on the credit which is payable in more than one accounting period. Then the problem of recording of asset arises. So, company record the asset at present value of consideration exchanged.

05

Purchase at lump sum

Company purchases more than one asset by paying a single price for all of them. In this case, allocation of cost among all assets is the major problem. So, accountant allocate the cost on fair value basis.

06

Exchange of asset for new asset

In this case, problem of recording of new asset arises. So, accountant record the asset at the fair value of the new asset.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: When should debt security be classified as held-to-maturity?

(Disposition of Assets) On April 1, 2017, Gloria Estefan Company received a condemnation award of \(430,000 cash as compensation for the forced sale of the companyโ€™s land and building, which stood in the path of a new state highway. The land and building cost \)60,000 and \(280,000, respectively, when they were acquired. At April 1, 2017, the accumulated depreciation relating to the building amounted to \)160,000. On August 1, 2017, Estafan purchased a piece of replacement property for cash. The new land cost \(90,000, and the new building cost \)400,000.

Instructions

Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions on April 1 and August 1, 2017.

Question: (Classification of Acquisition and Other Asset Costs) At December 31, 2016, certain accounts included in the property, plant, and equipment section of Reagan Companyโ€™s balance sheet had the following balances.

Land

\(230,000

Buildings

890,000

Leasehold improvements

660,000

Equipment

875,000

During 2017, the following transactions occurred.

  1. Land site number 621 was acquired for \)850,000. In addition, to acquire the land Reagan paid a \(51,000 commission to a real estate agent. Costs of \)35,000 were incurred to clear the land. During the course of clearing the land, timber and gravel were recovered and sold for \(13,000.
  2. A second tract of land (site number 622) with a building was acquired for \)420,000. The closing statement indicated that the land value was \(300,000 and the building value was \)120,000. Shortly after acquisition, the building was demolished at a cost of \(41,000. A new building was constructed for \)330,000 plus the following costs.

Excavation fees

\(38,000

Architectural design fees

11,000

Building permit fee

2,500

Imputed interest on funds used

during construction (stock financing)

8,500

The building was completed and occupied on September 30, 2017.

  1. A third tract of land (site number 623) was acquired for \)650,000 and was put on the market for resale.
  2. During December 2017, costs of \(89,000 were incurred to improve leased office space. The related lease will terminate on December 31, 2019, and is not expected to be renewed. (Hint: Leasehold improvements should be handled in the same manner as land improvements.)
  3. A group of new machines was purchased under a royalty agreement that provides for payment of royalties based on units of production for the machines. The invoice price of the machines was \)87,000, freight costs were \(3,300, installation costs were \)2,400, and royalty payments for 2017 were $17,500.

Instructions

a, Prepare a detailed analysis of the changes in each of the following balance sheet accounts for 2017.

Land Leasehold Improvements

Buildings Equipment

Disregard the related accumulated depreciation accounts.

b, List the items in the situation that were not used to determine the answer to (a) above, and indicate where, or if, these items should be included in Reaganโ€™s financial statements.

(Acquisition, Improvements, and Sale of Realty) Tonkawa Company purchased land for use as its corporate headquarters. A small factory that was on the land when it was purchased was torn down before construction of the office building began. Furthermore, a substantial amount of rock blasting and removal had to be done to the site before construction of the building foundation began. Because the office building was set back on the land far from the public road, Tonkawa Company had the contractor construct a paved road that led from the public road to the parking lot of the office building.

Three years after the office building was occupied, Tonkawa Company added four stories to the office building. The four stories had an estimated useful life of 5 years more than the remaining estimated useful life of the original office building.

Ten years later, the land and building were sold at an amount more than their net book value, and Tonkawa Company had a new office building constructed in another state for use as its new corporate headquarters.

Instructions

  1. Which of the expenditures above should be capitalized? How should each be depreciated or amortized? Discuss the rationale for your answers.
  2. How would the sale of the land and building be accounted for? Include in your answer an explanation of how to determine the net book value at the date of sale. Discuss the rationale for your answer.

(Asset Acquisition) Hayes Industries purchased the following assets and constructed a building as well. All this was done during the current year.

Assets 1 and 2: These assets were purchased as a lump sum for \(100,000 cash. The following information was gathered.

Description

Initial Cost on Sellerโ€™s Books

Depreciation to Date on Sellerโ€™s Books

Book Value on Sellerโ€™s Books

Appraised value

Machinery

\)100,000

\(50,000

\)50,000

\(90,000

Equipment

60,000

10,000

50,000

30,000

Asset 3: This machine was acquired by making a \)10,000 down payment and issuing a \(30,000, 2-year, zero-interest-bearing note. The note is to be paid off in two \)15,000 installments made at the end of the first and second years. It was estimated that the asset could have been purchased outright for \(35,900.

Asset 4: This machinery was acquired by trading in used machinery. (The exchange lacks commercial substance.) Facts concerning the trade-in are as follows.

Cost of machinery traded

\)100,000

Accumulated depreciation to date of sale

40,000

Fair value of machinery traded

80,000

Cash received

10,000

Fair value of machinery acquired

70,000

Asset 5: Equipment was acquired by issuing 100 shares of \(8 par value common stock. The stock had a market price of \)11 per share.

Construction of Building: A building was constructed on land purchased last year at a cost of \(150,000. Construction began on February 1 and was completed on November 1. The payments to the contractor were as follows.

Date

Payment

2/1

\)120,000

6/1

360,000

9/1

480,000

11/1

100,000

To finance construction of the building, a \(600,000, 12% construction loan was taken out on February 1. The loan was repaid on November 1. The firm had \)200,000 of other outstanding debt during the year at a borrowing rate of 8%.

Instructions

Record the acquisition of each of these assets.

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