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Chapter 21: 3CA_a (page 1251)

Question: (Lessee Capitalization Criteria) On January 1, Santiago Company, a lessee, entered into three noncancelable leases for brand-new equipment, Lease L, Lease M, and Lease N. None of the three leases transfers ownership of the equipment to Santiago at the end of the lease term. For each of the three leases, the present value at the beginning of the lease term of the minimum lease payments, excluding that portion of the payments representing executory costs such as insurance, maintenance, and taxes to be paid by the lessor, is 75% of the fair value of the equipment.

The following information is peculiar to each lease.

  1. Lease L does not contain a bargain-purchase option. The lease term is equal to 80% of the estimated economic life of the equipment.
  2. Lease M contains a bargain-purchase option. The lease term is equal to 50% of the estimated economic life of the equipment.
  3. Lease N does not contain a bargain-purchase option. The lease term is equal to 50% of the estimated economic life of the equipment.

Instructions

  1. How should Santiago Company classify each of the three leases above, and why? Discuss the rationale for your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer

Lease L and M should be classified as a capital lease but lease M should be treated as an operating lease.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of GAAP

GAAP is an acronym for "Generally Accepted Accounting Principles," which is a collection of accounting rules and industry practices that have been created over time. Organizations utilize it to appropriately arrange their financial data into accounting records, summaries the accounting data into financial statements, and reveal specific supporting data.

02

Explaining the classification of the three leases  

When a lease meets any one of the four requirements provided by GAAP for designating a lease as a capital lease, it effectively transfers practically all of the advantages and hazards associated with property ownership.

Lease L should be classed as a capital lease since the lease period exceeds the 75% or more criterion by 80% of the anticipated economic life of the equipment.

Since Lease M includes a bargain-purchase option, it should be categorized as a capital lease.

As Lease N does not match any of the four requirements for defining a lease as a capital lease, it should be classed as an operational lease.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Operating Lease vs. Capital Lease) You are auditing the December 31, 2017, financial statements of Hockney, Inc., manufacturer of novelties and party favors. During your inspection of the company garage, you discovered that a used automobile not listed in the equipment subsidiary ledger is parked there. You ask Stacy Reeder, plant manager, about the vehicle, and she tells you that the company did not list the automobile because the company was only leasing it. The lease agreement was entered into on January 1, 2017, with Crown New and Used Cars.

You decide to review the lease agreement to ensure that the lease should be afforded operating lease treatment, and you discover the following lease terms.

  1. Noncancelable term of 4 years.
  2. 2. Rental of \(3,240 per year (at the end of each year). (The present value at 8% per year is \)10,731.)
  3. 3. Estimated residual value after 4 years is \(1,100. (The present value at 8% per year is \)809.) Hockney guarantees the residual value of $1,100.
  4. 4. Estimated economic life of the automobile is 5 years.
  5. 5. Hockney’s incremental borrowing rate is 8% per year.

Instructions

You are a senior auditor writing a memo to your supervisor, the audit partner in charge of this audit, to discuss the above situation. Be sure to include (a) why you inspected the lease agreement, (b) what you determined about the lease, and (c) how you advised your client to account for this lease. Explain every journal entry that you believe is necessary to record this lease properly on the client’s books. (It is also necessary to include the fact that you communicated this information to your client.)

Alice Foyle, M.D. (lessee), has a noncancelable 20-year lease with Brownback Realty, Inc. (lessor) for the use of a medical building. Taxes, insurance, and maintenance are paid by the lessee in addition to the fixed annual payments, of which the present value is equal to the fair value of the leased property. At the end of the lease period, title becomes the lessee’s at a nominal price. Considering the terms of the lease described above, comment on the nature of the lease transaction and the accounting treatment that should be accorded it by the lessee.

Use the information for IBM from BE21-6. Assume the direct-financing lease was recorded at a present value of \(150,000. Prepare IBM’s December 31, 2017, entry to record interest.

Assume that IBM leased equipment that was carried at a cost of \)150,000 to Sharon Swander Company. The term of the lease is 6 years beginning January 1, 2017, with equal rental payments of \(30,044 at the beginning of each year. All executory costs are paid by Swander directly to third parties. The fair value of the equipment at the inception of the lease is \)150,000. The equipment has a useful life of 6 years with no salvage value. The lease has an implicit interest rate of 8%, no bargain-purchase option, and no transfer of title. Collectibility is reasonably assured with no additional cost to be incurred by IBM. Prepare IBM’s January 1, 2017, journal entries at the inception of the lease.

Metheny Corporation’s lease arrangements qualify as sales-type leases at the time of entering into the transactions. How should the corporation recognize revenues and costs in these situations?

Question: (Lessee Entries and Balance Sheet Presentation, Capital Lease) On January 1, 2017, Cage Company contracts to lease equipment for 5 years, agreeing to make a payment of \(137,899 (including the executory costs of \)6,000) at the beginning of each year, starting January 1, 2017. The taxes, the insurance, and the maintenance, estimated at \(6,000 a year, are the obligations of the lessee. The leased equipment is to be capitalized at \)550,000. The asset is to be depreciated on a double-declining-balance basis, and the obligation is to be reduced on an effective-interest basis. Cage’s incremental borrowing rate is 12%, and the implicit rate in the lease is 10%, which is known by Cage. Title to the equipment transfers to Cage when the lease expires. The asset has an estimated useful life of 5 years and no residual value.

Instructions

(d) Prepare the journal entry to record the interest expense for the year 2017.
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