Chapter 19: 1Q (page 1092)
Explain the difference between pretax financial income and taxable income.
Income is a term used when an organization earns money for the products and services offered to sell in the potential market to its customers. Without a regular income, an organization cannot survive in the market.
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What are some of the reasons that the components of income tax expense should be disclosed and a reconciliation between the effective tax rate and the statutory tax rate be provided?
Jennings Inc. reported the following pretax income (loss) and related tax rates during the years 2013–2019. Pretax Income (loss) Tax Rate 2013 $ 40,000 30% 2014 25,000 30% 2015 50,000 30% 2016 80,000 40% 2017 (180,000) 45% 2018 70,000 40% 2019 100,000 35% Pretax financial income (loss) and taxable income (loss) were the same for all years since Jennings began business. The tax rates from 2016–2019 were enacted in 2016.
Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for the years 2017–2019 to record income taxes payable (refundable), income tax expense (benefit), and the tax effects of the loss carryback and carryforward. Assume that Jennings elects the carryback provision where possible and expects to realize the benefits of any loss carryforward in the year that immediately follows the loss year. (b) Indicate the effect the 2017 entry(ies) has on the December 31, 2017, balance sheet. (c) Prepare the portion of the income statement starting with “Operating loss before income taxes,” for 2017. (d) Prepare the portion of the income statement starting with “Income before income taxes” for 2018.
Crosley Corp. sold an investment on an installment basis. The total gain of \(60,000 was reported for financial reporting purposes in the period of sale. The company qualifies to use the installment-sales method for tax purposes. The installment period is 3 years; one-third of the sale price is collected in the period of sale. The tax rate was 40% in 2017, and 35% in 2018 and 2019. The 35% tax rate was not enacted in law until 2018. The accounting and tax data for the 3 years is shown below. Financial Tax Accounting Return 2017 (40% tax rate) Income before temporary difference \) 70,000 \(70,000 Temporary difference 60,000 20,000 Income \)130,000 \(90,000 2018 (35% tax rate) Income before temporary difference \) 70,000 \(70,000 Temporary difference –0– 20,000 Income \) 70,000 \(90,000 2019 (35% tax rate) Income before temporary difference \) 70,000 \(70,000 Temporary difference –0– 20,000 Income \) 70,000 $90,000 Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries to record the income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and the income taxes payable at the end of each year. No deferred income taxes existed at the beginning of 2017. (b) Explain how the deferred taxes will appear on the balance sheet at the end of each year. (c) Draft the income tax expense section of the income statement for each year, beginning with “Income before income taxes.”
Nadal Inc. has two temporary differences at the end of 2016. The first difference stems from installment sales, and the second one results from the accrual of a loss contingency. Nadal’s accounting department has developed a schedule of future taxable and deductible amounts related to these temporary differences as follows. 2017 2018 2019 2020 Taxable amounts \(40,000 \)50,000 \(60,000 \)80,000 Deductible amounts (15,000) (19,000) \(40,000 \)35,000 \(41,000 \)80,000 As of the beginning of 2016, the enacted tax rate is 34% for 2016 and 2017, and 38% for 2018–2021. At the beginning of 2016, the company had no deferred income taxes on its balance sheet. Taxable income for 2016 is $500,000. Taxable income is expected in all future years. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2016. (b) Indicate how deferred income taxes would be classified on the balance sheet at the end of 2016.
The following information is available for Wenger Corporation for 2016 (its first year of operations). 1. Excess of tax depreciation over book depreciation, \(40,000. This \)40,000 difference will reverse equally over the years 2017–2020. 2. Deferral, for book purposes, of \(20,000 of rent received in advance. The rent will be recognized in 2017. 3. Pretax financial income, \)300,000. 4. Tax rate for all years, 40%. Instructions (a) Compute taxable income for 2016. (b) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2016. (c) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred income taxes, and income taxes payable for 2017, assuming taxable income of $325,000.
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