Chapter 22: Question 4 (page 1305)
Identify and describe the approach the FASB requires for reporting changes in accounting principles.
FASB is an organization that regulates the accounting standards, and they believe that the best approach is retrospective.
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Sesame Company purchased a computer system for \(74,000 on January 1, 2016. It was depreciated based on a 7-year life and an \)18,000 salvage value. On January 1, 2018, Sesame revised these estimates to a total useful life of 4 years and a salvage value of $10,000. Prepare Sesame’s entry to record 2018 depreciation expense. Sesame uses straight-line depreciation.
A partial trial balance of Julie Hartsack Corporation is as follows on December 31, 2018.
Dr. Cr.
Supplies \( 2,700
Salaries and wages payable \) 1,500
Interest receivable 5,100
Prepaid insurance 90,000
Unearned rent –0–
Interest payable 15,000
Additional adjusting data:
1. A physical count of supplies on hand on December 31, 2018, totaled \(1,100.
2. Through oversight, the Salaries and Wages Payable account was not changed during 2018. Accrued salaries and wages on December 31, 2018, amounted to \)4,400.
3. The Interest Receivable account was also left unchanged during 2018. Accrued interest on investments amounts to \(4,350 on December 31, 2018.
4. The unexpired portions of the insurance policies totaled \)65,000 as of December 31, 2018.
5. \(28,000 was received on January 1, 2018, for the rent of a building for both 2018 and 2019. The entire amount was credited to rent revenue.
6. Depreciation on equipment for the year was erroneously recorded as \)5,000 rather than the correct figure of \(50,000.
7. A further review of depreciation calculations of prior years revealed that equipment depreciation of \)7,200 was not recorded. It was decided that this oversight should be corrected by a prior period adjustment.
Instructions
(a) Assuming that the books have not been closed, what are the adjusting entries necessary at December 31, 2018? (Ignore income tax considerations.)
(b) Assuming that the books have been closed, what are the adjusting entries necessary at December 31, 2018? (Ignore income tax considerations.)
(c) Repeat the requirements for items 6 and 7, taking into account income tax effects (40% tax rate) and assuming that the books have been closed.
If a company registered with the SEC justifies a change in accounting method as preferable under the circumstances, and the circumstances change, can that company switch back to its prior method of accounting before the change? Why or why not?
The management of Utrillo Instrument Company had concluded, with the concurrence of its independent auditors, that results of operations would be more fairly presented if Utrillo changed its method of pricing inventory from last-in, first-out (LIFO) to average-cost in 2017. Given below is the 5-year summary of income under LIFO and a schedule of what the inventories would be if stated on the average-cost method.
UTRILLO INSTRUMENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Sales—net \(13,964 \)15,506 \(16,673 \)18,221 \(18,898 Cost of goods sold Beginning inventory 1,000 1,100 1,000 1,115 1,237 Purchases 13,000 13,900 15,000 15,900 17,100 Ending inventory (1,100) (1,000) (1,115) (1,237) (1,369) Total 12,900 14,000 14,885 15,778 16,968 Gross profi t 1,064 1,506 1,788 2,443 1,930 Administrative expenses 700 763 832 907 989 Income before taxes 364 743 956 1,536 941 Income taxes (50%) 182 372 478 768 471 Net income 182 371 478 768 470 Retained earnings—beginning 1,206 1,388 1,759 2,237 3,005 Retained earnings—ending \) 1,388 \( 1,759 \) 2,237 \( 3,005 \) 3,475 Earnings per share \(1.82 \)3.71 \(4.78 \)7.68 \(4.70 SCHEDULE OF INVENTORY BALANCES USING AVERAGE-COST METHOD FOR THE YEARS ENDED MAY 31 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 \)1,010 \(1,124 \)1,101 \(1,270 \)1,500 $1,720
Instructions Prepare comparative statements for the 5 years, assuming that Utrillo changed its method of inventory pricing to average-cost. Indicate the effects on net income and earnings per share for the years involved. Utrillo Instruments started business in 2012. (All amounts except EPS are rounded up to the nearest dollar.)
Equipment was purchased on January 2, 2017, for $24,000, but no portion of the cost has been charged to depreciation. The corporation wishes to use the straight-line method for these assets, which have been estimated to have a life of 10 years and no salvage value. What effect does this error have on net income in 2017? What entry is necessary to correct for this error, assuming that the books are not closed for 2017?
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