Chapter 22: Question 11 (page 1306)
Discuss how a change to the LIFO method of inventory valuation is handled when it is impracticable to determine previous LIFO inventory amounts.
LIFO is an inventory method and change to the LIFO method then base year inventory values are used
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Roundtree Manufacturing Co. is preparing its year-end financial statements and is considering the accounting for the following items. 1. The vice president of sales had indicated that one product line has lost its customer appeal and will be phased out over the next 3 years. Therefore, a decision has been made to lower the estimated lives on related production equipment from the remaining 5 years to 3 years. 2. The Hightone Building was converted from a sales office to offices for the Accounting Department at the beginning of this year. Therefore, the expense related to this building will now appear as an administrative expense rather than a selling expense on the current year’s income statement. 3. Estimating the lives of new products in the Leisure Products Division has become very difficult because of the highly competitive conditions in this market. Therefore, the practice of deferring and amortizing preproduction costs has been abandoned in favor of expensing such costs as they are incurred. Identify and explain whether each of the above items is a change in principle, a change in estimate, or an error.
In 2017, Bailey Corporation discovered that equipment purchased on January 1, 2015, for $50,000 was expensed at that time. The equipment should have been depreciated over 5 years, with no salvage value. The effective tax rate is 30%. Prepare Bailey’s 2017 journal entry to correct the error. Bailey uses straight-line depreciation
A partial trial balance of Julie Hartsack Corporation is as follows on December 31, 2018.
Dr. Cr.
Supplies \( 2,700
Salaries and wages payable \) 1,500
Interest receivable 5,100
Prepaid insurance 90,000
Unearned rent –0–
Interest payable 15,000
Additional adjusting data:
1. A physical count of supplies on hand on December 31, 2018, totaled \(1,100.
2. Through oversight, the Salaries and Wages Payable account was not changed during 2018. Accrued salaries and wages on December 31, 2018, amounted to \)4,400.
3. The Interest Receivable account was also left unchanged during 2018. Accrued interest on investments amounts to \(4,350 on December 31, 2018.
4. The unexpired portions of the insurance policies totaled \)65,000 as of December 31, 2018.
5. \(28,000 was received on January 1, 2018, for the rent of a building for both 2018 and 2019. The entire amount was credited to rent revenue.
6. Depreciation on equipment for the year was erroneously recorded as \)5,000 rather than the correct figure of \(50,000.
7. A further review of depreciation calculations of prior years revealed that equipment depreciation of \)7,200 was not recorded. It was decided that this oversight should be corrected by a prior period adjustment.
Instructions
(a) Assuming that the books have not been closed, what are the adjusting entries necessary at December 31, 2018? (Ignore income tax considerations.)
(b) Assuming that the books have been closed, what are the adjusting entries necessary at December 31, 2018? (Ignore income tax considerations.)
(c) Repeat the requirements for items 6 and 7, taking into account income tax effects (40% tax rate) and assuming that the books have been closed.
Indicate the effect—Understate, Overstate, No Effect—that each of the following errors has on 2017 net income and 2018 net income. 2017 2018 (a) Equipment (with a useful life of 5 years) was purchased and expensed in 2015. (b) Wages payable were not recorded at 12/31/17. (c) Equipment purchased in 2017 was expensed. (d) 2017 ending inventory was overstated. (e) Patent amortization was not recorded in 2018.
On December 31, 2017, before the books were closed, the management and accountants of Madrasa Inc. made the following determinations about three pieces of equipment.
1. Equipment A was purchased January 2, 2014. It originally cost \(540,000 and, for depreciation purposes, the straight-line method was originally chosen. The asset was originally expected to be useful for 10 years and have a zero salvage value. In 2017, the decision was made to change the depreciation method from straight-line to sum-of-the-years’-digits, and the estimates relating to useful life and salvage value remained unchanged.
2. Equipment B was purchased January 3, 2013. It originally cost \)180,000 and, for depreciation purposes, the straight-line method was chosen. The asset was originally expected to be useful for 15 years and have a zero residual value. In 2017, the decision was made to shorten the total life of this asset to 9 years and to estimate the residual value at \(3,000.
3. Equipment C was purchased January 5, 2013. The asset’s original cost was \)160,000, and this amount was entirely expensed in 2013. This particular asset has a 10-year useful life and no residual value. The straight-line method was chosen for depreciation purposes.
Additional data:
1. Income in 2017 before depreciation expense amounted to \(400,000.
2. Depreciation expense on assets other than A, B, and C totaled \)55,000 in 2017.
3. Income in 2016 was reported at \(370,000.
4. Ignore all income tax effects.
5. 100,000 shares of common stock were outstanding in 2016 and 2017.
Instructions
(a) Prepare all necessary entries in 2017 to record these determinations.
(b) Prepare comparative retained earnings statements for Madrasa Inc. for 2016 and 2017. The company had retained earnings of \)200,000 at December 31, 2015.
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