Chapter 22: Accounting Changes and Error Analysis

(Error Analysis) When the records of Debra Hanson Corporation were reviewed at the close of 2018, the following errors were discovered. For each item, indicate by a check mark in the appropriate column whether the error resulted in an overstatement, an understatement, or had no effect on net income for the years 2017 and 2018.

2017 2018 Over- Under- No Over- Under- No Item statement statement Effect statement statement Effect

1. Failure to record amortization of patent in 2018.

2. Failure to record the correct amount of ending 2017 inventory. The amount was understated because of an error in calculation.

3. Failure to record merchandise purchased in 2017. Merchandise was also omitted from ending inventory in 2017 but was not yet sold.

4. Failure to record accrued interest on notes payable in 2017; that amount was recorded when paid in 2018.

5. Failure to reflect supplies on hand on the balance sheet at end of 2017.

Equipment was purchased on January 2, 2017, for $24,000, but no portion of the cost has been charged to depreciation. The corporation wishes to use the straight-line method for these assets, which have been estimated to have a life of 10 years and no salvage value. What effect does this error have on net income in 2017? What entry is necessary to correct for this error, assuming that the books are not closed for 2017?

(Change from Fair Value to Equity) On January 1, 2017, Beyonce Co. purchased 25,000 shares (a 10% interest) in Elton John Corp. for \(1,400,000.

At the time, the book value and the fair value of John’s net assets were \)13,000,000. On July 1, 2018, Beyonce paid $3,040,000for50,000additionalsharesofJohncommonstock,whichrepresenteda20$14,200,000. As a result of this transaction, Beyonce owns 30% of John and can exercise significant influence over John’s operating and financial policies.

John reported the following net income and declared and paid the following dividends.

Net Income Dividend per Share

Year ended 12/31/17 \(700,000 None

Six months ended 6/30/18 500,000 None

Six months ended 12/31/18 815,000 \)1.55

Instructions

(Any excess fair value is attributed to goodwill.) Determine the ending balance that Beyonce Co. should report as its investment in John Corp. at the end of 2018

Dan Aykroyd Corp. was a 30% owner of Steve Martin Company, holding 210,000 shares of Martin’s common stock on December 31, 2016. The investment account had the following entries.

Investment in Martin

1/1/15 Cost $3,180,00012/6/15Dividendreceived$150,000

12/31/15 Share of income 390,000 12/5/16 Dividend received 240,000

12/31/16 Share of income 510,000

On January 2, 2017, Aykroyd sold 126,000 shares of Martin for \(3,440,000, thereby losing its significant influence. During the year 2017, Martin experienced the following results of operations and paid the following dividends to Aykroyd.

Martin Dividends Paid Income (Loss) to Aykroyd 2017 \)300,000 \(50,400

At December 31, 2017, the fair value of Martin shares held by Aykroyd is \)1,570,000. This is the first reporting date since the January 2 sale.

Instructions (a) What effect does the January 2, 2017, transaction have upon Aykroyd’s accounting treatment for its investment in Martin?

(b) Compute the carrying amount of the investment in Martin as of December 31, 2017 (prior to any fair value adjustment).

(c) Prepare the adjusting entry on December 31, 2017, applying the fair value method to Aykroyd’s long-term investment in Martin Company securities.

Refer to the accounting change by Wertz Construction Company in BE22-1. Wertz has a profit-sharing plan, which pays all employees a bonus at year-end based on 1% of pre-tax income. Compute the indirect effect of Wertz’s change in accounting principle that will be reported in the 2017 income statement, assuming that the profit-sharing contract explicitly requires adjustment for changes in income numbers.

Holder-Webb Company began operations on January 1, 2015, and uses the average-cost method of pricing inventory. Management is contemplating a change in inventory methods for 2018. The following information is available for the years 2015–2017. Net Income Computed Using Average-Cost Method FIFO Method LIFO Method 2015 $15,000$19,000 $12,000 2016 18,000 23,000 14,000 2017 20,000 25,000 17,000 Instructions (Ignore all tax effects.) (a) Prepare the journal entry necessary to record a change from the average-cost method to the FIFO method in 2018. (b) Determine net income to be reported for 2015, 2016, and 2017, after giving effect to the change in accounting principle. (c) Assume Holder-Webb Company used the LIFO method instead of the average-cost method during the years 2015– 2017. In 2018, Holder-Webb changed to the FIFO method. Prepare the journal entry necessary to record the change in principle.

Briefly describe some of the similarities and differences between GAAP and IFRS with respect to reporting accounting changes.

Shannon, Inc., changed from the LIFO cost flow assumption to the FIFO cost flow assumption in 2017. The increase in the prior year’s income before taxes is $1,200,000. The tax rate is 40%. Prepare Shannon’s 2017 journal entry to record the change in accounting principle.

Taveras Co. decides at the beginning of 2017 to adopt the FIFO method of inventory valuation. Taveras had used the LIFO method for financial reporting since its inception on January 1, 2015, and had maintained records adequate to apply the FIFO method retrospectively. Taveras concluded that FIFO is the preferable inventory method because it reflects the current cost of inventory on the balance sheet. The following table presents the effects of the change in accounting principles on inventory and cost of goods sold. Inventory Determined by Cost of Goods Sold Determined by Date LIFO Method FIFO Method LIFO Method FIFO Method January 1, 2015 $0$ 0 $0$ 0 December 31, 2015 100 80 800 820 December 31, 2016 200 240 1,000 940 December 31, 2017 320 390 1,130 1,100 Other information: 1. For each year presented, sales are $3,000andoperatingexpensesare$1,000. 2. Taveras provides two years of financial statements. Earnings per share information is not required. Instructions (a) Prepare income statements under LIFO and FIFO for 2015, 2016, and 2017. (b) Prepare income statements reflecting the retrospective application of the accounting change from the LIFO method to the FIFO method for 2017 and 2016. (c) Prepare the note to the financial statements describing the change in method of inventory valuation. In the note, indicate the income statement line items for 2017 and 2016 that were affected by the change in accounting principle. (d) Prepare comparative retained earnings statements for 2016 and 2017 under FIFO. Retained earnings reported under LIFO are as follows: Retained Earnings Balance December 31, 2015 $1,200 December 31, 2016 2,200 December 31, 2017 3,070