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Question: What are the primary differences between job order costing systems and process costing systems?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Answer:

The primary difference between the job order costing system and the process costing is:

In job costing, cost is calculated for each job and in process costing, the cost is calculated for the complete production at different process stage.

Step by step solution

01

Job costing system

The job costing system is used when the company calculate the cost of each job on different jobs basis.

02

Process costing system

The process costing system is used by the companies when the similar product is manufactured through various processing system. It helps in calculating the cost at each processing stage.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Bergeronโ€™s Exteriors produces exterior siding for homes. The Preparation Department begins with wood, which is chopped into small bits. At the end of the process, an adhesive is added. Then the wood/adhesive mixture goes on to the Compression Department, where the wood is compressed into sheets. Conversion costs are added evenly throughout the preparation process. January data for the Preparation Department are as follows:

UNITS

Beginning work-in-process inventory

0 sheets

Started in production

3,900 sheets

Completed and transferred out to compression in January

2,700 sheets

Ending work-in-process inventory (25% of the way through the preparation process)

1,200 sheets

COSTS

Beginning work-in-process inventory

\(0

Costs added during January

Wood

3,120

Adhesive

1,836

Direct labor

990

Manufacturing overhead allocated

2,100

Total costs

\)8,046

Requirements

1. Prepare a production cost report for the Preparation Department for January. The company uses the weighted-average method. (Hint: Each direct material added at a different point in the production process requires its own equivalent unit of production computation.)

2. Prepare the journal entry to record the cost of the sheets completed and

transferred out to the Compression Department.

3. Post the journal entries to the Work-in-Process Inventoryโ€”Preparation T-account. What is the ending balance?

Question: What types of companies use job order costing systems?

Refreshing Water Company produces premium bottled water. In the second department, the Bottling Department, conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the bottling process, but packaging materials are not added until the end of the process. Costs in beginning Work-in-Process Inventory include transferred in costs of \(1,400, direct labor of \)700, and manufacturing overhead of \(330. March data for the Bottling Department follow:


REFRESHING WATER COMPANY

WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY โ€“ BOTTLING

Month ended March 31,2018
Dollars

Units

Transferred in

Direct materials

Direct labor

Manufacturing overheads

Total costs

Beginning inventory, Mar. 1 (40% complete)

15,000

\)1,400

\(700

\)330

\(2,430

Production started

160,000

135,100

\)30,400

33,100

16,300

214,900

Transferred out

152,000

Ending inventory, Mar 31 (70% completed)

23,000

Requirements

1. Prepare a production cost report for the Bottling Department for the month of

March. The company uses the weighted-average method.

2. Prepare the journal entry to record the cost of units completed and transferred out.

3. Post all transactions to the Work-in-Process Inventoryโ€”Bottling T-account. What is the ending balance?

Happy Colors manufactures crayons in a three-step process: mixing, molding, and packaging. The Mixing Department combines the direct materials of paraffin wax and pigments. The heated mixture is pumped to the Molding Department, where it is poured into molds. After the molds cool, the crayons are removed from the molds and are transferred to the Packaging Department, where paper wrappers are added and the crayons are boxed.

In the Mixing Department, the direct materials are added at the beginning of the

process and the conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the process. Work in process of the Mixing Department on April 1, 2018, consisted of 300 batches of crayons that were 30% of the way through the production process. The beginning balance in Work-in-Process Inventoryโ€”Mixing was \(27,800, which consisted of \)10,700 in direct materials costs and $17,100 in conversion costs. During April, 3,200 batches were started in production. The Mixing Department transferred 2,800 batches to the Molding Department in April, and 700 were still in process on April 30. This ending inventory was 80% of the way through the mixing process. Happy Colors uses FIFO process costing.

At April 30, before recording the transfer of costs from the Mixing Department

to the Molding Department, the Happy Colors general ledger included the following account:

Work-in-process inventory โ€“ Mixing

Balance, March 1

27,800

Direct materials

22,400

Direct labor

21,330

Manufacturing overhead

44,070

Requirements

1. Prepare a production cost report for the Mixing Department for April. Round

equivalent unit costs to four decimal places. Round all other costs to the nearest

dollar.

2. Journalize all transactions affecting the Mixing Department during April, including the entries that have already been posted. Assume the labor costs are accrued and not yet paid.

Question: The Jimenez Toy Company makes wooden toys. The company uses a process costing system. Arrange the companyโ€™s accounts in the order the production costs are most likely to flow, using 1 for the first account, 2 for the second, and so on.

Order

Account

Work-in-process inventory โ€“ Packaging

Cost of goods sold

Work-in-process inventory โ€“ Cutting

Work-in-process inventory โ€“ Finishing

Finished goods inventory

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