Chapter 23: Q8RQ (page 1305)
Question:What is a standard cost system?
Answer
A standard costing system is a tool for preparing various budgets and controlling costs.
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List the eight product variances and the manager most likely responsible for each.
Preparing a flexible budget and computing standard cost variances
McKnight Recliners manufactures leather recliners and uses flexible budgeting and a standard cost system. McKnight allocates overhead based on yards of direct materials. The company’s performance report includes the following selected data:
Static Budget (1,025 recliners) | Actual Results (1,005 recliners) | ||
Sales | (1,025 recliners * \(500 each) | \)512,500 | |
(1,005 recliners * \(495 each) | \)497,475 | ||
Variable Manufacturing Costs: | |||
Direct Materials | (6,150 yds. @ \(8.50/yard) | 52,275 | |
(6,300 yds. @ \)8.30/yard) | 52,290 | ||
Direct Labor | (10,250 DLHr @ \(9.20/DLHr) | 94,300 | |
(9,850 DLHr @ \)9.40/DLHr) | 92,590 | ||
Variable Overhead | (6,150 yds. @ \(5.10/yard) | 31,365 | |
(6,300 yds. @ \)6.50/yard) | 40,950 | ||
Fixed Manufacturing Costs: | |||
Fixed Overhead | 62,730 | 64,730 | |
Total Cost of Goods Sold | 240,670 | 250,560 | |
Gross Profit | \(271,830 | \)246,915 |
Requirements
1. Prepare a flexible budget based on the actual number of recliners sold.
2. Compute the cost variance and the efficiency variance for direct materials and for direct labor. For manufacturing overhead, compute the variable overhead cost, variable overhead efficiency, fixed overhead cost, and fixed overhead volume variances. Round to the nearest dollar.
3. Have McKnight’s managers done a good job or a poor job controlling materials, labor, and overhead costs? Why?
4. Describe how McKnight’s managers can benefit from the standard cost system.
Preparing a standard cost income statement Review your results from Problem P2333B.
Middleton’s actual and standard sales price per mug is $5. Prepare the standard cost income statement for July 2018.
Computing overhead variances
Refer to the Morgan, Inc. data in Short Exercise S239. Last month, Morgan reported the following actual results: actual variable overhead, \(10,800; actual fixed overhead, \)2,770; actual production of 7,000 units at 0.20 direct labor hours per unit. The standard direct labor time is 0.25 direct labor hours per unit (1,300 static direct labor hours / 5,200 static units).
Requirements
1. Compute the overhead variances for the month: variable overhead cost variance, variable overhead efficiency variance, fixed overhead cost variance, and fixed overhead volume variance.
2. Explain why the variances are favorable or unfavorable.
Marsh Company uses a standard cost system and reports the following information for 2018:
Standards:
3 yards of cloth per unit at \(1.05 per yard
2 direct labor hours per unit at \)10.50 per hour
Overhead allocated at \(5.00 per direct labor hour
Actual:
2,600 yards of cloth were purchased at \)1.10 per yard
Employees worked 1,800 hours and were paid \(10.00 per hour
Actual variable overhead was \)1,700
Actual fixed overhead was \(7,300
Direct materials cost variance \) 130 U
Direct materials efficiency variance 420 F
Direct labor cost variance 900 F
Direct labor efficiency variance 2,100 F
Variable overhead cost variance 1,500 U
Variable overhead efficiency variance 1,500 F
Fixed overhead cost variance 600 U
Fixed overhead volume variance 1,600 F
Marsh produced 1,000 units of finished product in 2018. Record the journal entries to record direct materials, direct labor, variable overhead, and fixed overhead, assuming all expenditures were on account and there were no beginning or ending balances in the inventory accounts (all materials purchased were used in production, and all goods produced were sold). Record the journal entries to record the transfer to Finished Goods Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold (omit the journal entry for Sales Revenue). Adjust the Manufacturing Overhead account
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