Chapter 23: Q1RQ (page 1305)
What is a variance?
Answer
The discrepancy between a predicted and actual sum is known as a variance.
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Computing standard overhead allocation rates
The following information relates to Morgan, Inc.’s overhead costs for the month:
Static budget variable overhead | \(7,800 |
Static budget fixed overhead | \)3,900 |
Static budget direct labor hours | 1,300 hours |
Static budget number of units | 5,200 units |
Morgan allocates manufacturing overhead to production based on standard direct labor hours. Compute the standard variable overhead allocation rate and the standard fixed overhead allocation rate.
Question:This Try It! continues the previous Try It! for Tipton Company, a shirt manufacturer. During June, Tipton made 1,200 shirts but had budgeted production at 1,400 shirts. Tipton gathered the following additional data:
Variable overhead cost standard \(0.50 per DLHr
Direct labor efficiency standard 2.00 DLHr per shirt
Actual amount of direct labor hours 2,520 DLHr
Actual cost of variable overhead \)1,512
Fixed overhead cost standard \(0.25 per DLHr
Budgeted fixed overhead \)700
Actual cost of fixed overhead $750
Calculate the following variances:
13. Variable overhead cost variance
14. Variable overhead efficiency variance
15. Total variable overhead variance
16. Fixed overhead cost variance
17. Fixed overhead volume variance
18. Total fixed overhead variance
Preparing a flexible budget computing standard cost variance
Morton Recliners manufactures leather recliners and uses flexible budgeting and a
standard cost system. Morton allocates overhead based on yards of direct materials.
The company’s performance report includes the following selected data:
Static Budget Actual Results (1,000 recliners) (980 recliners) |
Sale (1,000 recliners \(505 each) \) 505,000 (980 recliners \(480 each) \) 470,400 |
Variable Manufacturing Costs: Direct Materials (6,000 yds. @ \(8.60/yd.) 51,600 (6,143 yds. @ \)8.40/yd.) 51,601 Direct Labor (10,000 DLHr @ \(9.20/DLHr) 92,000 (9,600 DLHr @ \)9.30/DLHr) 89,280 Variable Overhead (6,000 yds. @ \(5.20/yd.) 31,200 (6,143 yds. @ \)6.60/yd.) 40,544 |
Fixed Manufacturing Costs: Fixed Overhead 60,600 62,600 Total Cost of Goods Sold 235,400 244,025 |
Gross Profit \( 269,600 \) 226,375 |
Requirements
1. Prepare a flexible budget based on the actual number of recliners sold.
2. Compute the cost variance and the efficiency variance for direct materials and for direct labor. For manufacturing overhead, compute the variable overhead cost,variable overhead efficiency, fixed overhead cost, and fixed overhead volume variances. Round to the nearest dollar.
3. Have Morton’s managers done a good job or a poor job controlling materials, labor, and overhead costs? Why?
4. Describe how Morton’s managers can benefit from the standard cost system.
Computing and journalizing standard cost variances
Moss manufactures coffee mugs that it sells to other companies for customizing with their own logos. Moss prepares flexible budgets and uses a standard cost system to control manufacturing costs. The standard unit cost of a coffee mug is based on static budget volume of 59,800 coffee mugs per month:
Direct material (0.2 lbs. @\(0.25 per lb) | \)0.05 | |
Direct Labor (3 minutes @ \(0.11 per minute) | 0.33 | |
Manufacturing Overhead: | ||
Variable (3 minutes @ \)0.06 per minute) | \(0.18 | |
Fixed (3 minutes @ \)0.13 per minute) | 0.39 | 0.57 |
Total Cost per Coffee Mug | \(0.95 |
Actual cost and production information for July 2018 follows:
a. There were no beginning or ending inventory balances. All expenditures were on account.
b. Actual production and sales were 62,500 coffee mugs.
c. Actual direct materials usage was 11,000 lbs. at an actual cost of \)0.17 per lb.
d. Actual direct labor usage was 197,000 minutes at a total cost of \(25,610.
e. Actual overhead cost was \)10,835 variable and \(29,765 fixed.
f. Selling and administrative costs were \)95,000.
Requirements
1. Compute the cost and efficiency variances for direct materials and direct labor.
2. Journalize the purchase and usage of direct materials and the assignment of direct labor, including the related variances.
3. For manufacturing overhead, compute the variable overhead cost and efficiency variances and the fixed overhead cost and volume variances.
4. Journalize the actual manufacturing overhead and the allocated manufacturing overhead. Journalize the movement of all production costs from Work-in-Process Inventory. Journalize the adjusting of the Manufacturing Overhead account.
5. Moss intentionally hired more highly skilled workers during July. How did this decision affect the cost variances? Overall, was the decision wise?
Question:Explain the difference between a cost standard and an efficiency standard. Give an example of each.
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