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In the blank next to each of the following terms, place the letter A through D that corresponds to the description of that term. Some letters are used more than once.

  1. Activity-based costing
  2. Plantwide overhead rate method
  3. Departmental overhead rate method
  1. Uses more than one rate to allocate overhead costs to products.
  2. Uses only volume-based measures such as direct labor hours to allocate overhead costs to products.
  3. Typically uses the most overhead allocation rates.
  4. Focuses on the costs of carrying out activities.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. Items (A), (C), and (D).
  2. Only item (B).
  3. Item (A) and (B).

Step by step solution

01

Step-by-Step SolutionStep 1: Meaning of Departmental Overhead Rate

The departmental overhead rate method is a method in which various rates are used for various departments. Direct labor hour is used to calculate the overhead rate in one department, and machine hours are used to calculate the overhead rate in another department.

02

(1) Listings things in activity-based costing

  1. Uses more than one rate to allocate overhead costs to products.
  2. Typically uses the most overhead allocation rates.
  3. Focuses on the costs of carrying out activities.
03

(2) Listings things in the plant-wide overhead rate method

It uses only volume-based measures such as direct labor hours to allocate overhead product costs.

04

(3) Listing things in the departmental overhead rate method

  1. Uses more than one rate to allocate overhead costs to products.
  2. Uses only volume-based measures such as direct labor hours to allocate overhead costs to products.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Glassworks Inc. produces two types of glass shelving, rounded edge and squared edge, on the same production line. For the current period, the company reports the following data.

Rounded Edge Squared Edge Total

Direct materials โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ \(19,000 \) 43,200 \( 62,200

Direct labor โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 12,200 23,800 36,000

Overhead 36,600 71,400 108,000

(300% of direct labor cost)

Total cost โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. \) 67,800 \( 138,400 \) 206,200

Quantity produced โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. 10,500 ft. 14,100 ft.

Average cost per ft. (rounded) \( 6.46 \) 9.82

Glassworks'controller wishes to apply activity-based costing (ABC) to allocate the \(108,000 of overhead costs incurred by the two product lines to see whether cost per foot would change markedly from that reported above. She has collected the following information.

Overhead Cost Category (Activity Cost Pool) Cost

Supervision โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. \) 5,400

Depreciation of machinery โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 56,600

Assembly line preparation โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 46,000

Total overhead โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. \(108,000

She has also collected the following information about the cost drivers for each category (cost pool) and the amount of each driver used by the two product lines.

Overhead Cost Category Usage

(Activity Cost Pool) Driver Rounded Edge Squared Edge Total

Supervision โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. Direct labor \)12,200 \(23,800 \)36,000

cost ($)

Depreciation Machine hours 500 hours 1,500 hours 2,000 hours

of machinery

Assembly Setups (number) 40 times 210 times 250 times

line preparation

Required

1. Assign these three overhead cost pools to each of the two products using ABC.

2. Determine average cost per foot for each of the two products using ABC.

3. Compare the average cost per foot under ABC with the average cost per foot under the current method for each product. Explain why a difference between the two cost allocation methods exists.

Saraโ€™s Salsa Company produces its condiments in two types: Extra Fine for restaurant customers and Family Style for home use. Salsa is prepared in department 1 and packaged in department 2. The activities, overhead costs, and drivers associated with these two manufacturing processes and the companyโ€™s production support activities follow.

Process Activity Overhead Cost Driver Quantity

Department 1 Mixing \( 4,500 Machine hours 1,500

Cooking 11,250 Machine hours 1,500

Product testing 112,500 Batches 600

\)128,250

Department 2 Machine calibration \(250,000 Production runs 400

Labeling 12,000 Cases of output 120,000

Defects 6,000 Cases of output 120,000

\)268,000

Support Recipe formulation \( 90,000 Focus groups 45

Heat, lights, and water 27,000 Machine hours 1,500

Materials handling 65,000 Container types 8

\)182,000

Additional production information about its two product lines follows.

Extra Fine Family Style

Units produced โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 20,000 cases 100,000 cases

Batches โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. 200 batches 400 batches

Machine hours โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 500 MH 1,000 MH

Focus groups โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. 30 groups 15 groups

Container types โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ. 5 containers 3 containers

Production runs โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 200 runs 200 runs

Required

1. Using a plantwide overhead rate based on cases, compute the overhead cost that is assigned to each case of Extra Fine Salsa and each case of Family Style Salsa.

2. Using the plantwide overhead rate, determine the total cost per case for the two products if the direct materials and direct labor cost is \(6 per case of Extra Fine and \)5 per case of Family Style.

3. If the market price of Extra Fine Salsa is \(18 per case and the market price of Family Style Salsa is \)9 per case, determine the gross profit per case for each product. What might management conclude about each product line?

4. Using ABC, compute the total cost per case for each product type if the direct labor and direct materials cost is \(6 per case of Extra Fine and \)5 per case of Family Style.

5. If the market price is \(18 per case of Extra Fine and \)9 per case of Family Style, determine the gross profit per case for each product. How should management interpret the market prices given your computations?

6. Would your pricing analysis be improved if the company used departmental rates based on machine hours in department 1 and number of cases in department 2 instead of ABC? Explain.

In conducting interviews and observing factory operations to implement an activity-based costing system, you determine that several activities are unnecessary or redundant. For example, warehouse personnel were inspecting purchased components as they were received at the loading dock. Later that day, the components were inspected again on the shop floor before being installed in the final product. Both of these activities caused costs to be incurred but were not adding value to the product. If you include this observation in your report, one or more employees who perform inspections will likely lose their jobs.

Required

1. As a plant employee, what is your responsibility to report your findings to superiors?

2. Should you attempt to determine if the redundancy is justified? Explain.

3. What is your responsibility to the employees whose jobs will likely be lost because of your report?

4. What facts should you consider before making your decision to report or not?

Appleโ€™s production requires activities. What are value-added activities?

The chief executive officer (CEO) of your company recently returned from a luncheon meeting

where activity-based costing was presented and discussed. Though her background is not in accounting, she has worked for the company for 15 years and is thoroughly familiar with its operations. Her impression of the presentation about ABC was that it was just another way of dividing up total overhead cost and that the total would still be the same โ€œno matter how you sliced it.โ€

Required

Write a memorandum to the CEO, no more than one page, explaining how ABC is different from traditional volume-based costing methods. Also, identify its advantages and disadvantages vis-ร -vis traditional methods. Be sure it is written to be understandable to someone who is not an accountant.

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