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Match each example to one of the following behavioral characteristics.

a. Investors are slow to update their beliefswhen given new evidence.

i. Disposition effect

b. Investors are reluctant to bear losses due to their unconventional decisions.

ii. Representativeness bias

c. Investors exhibit less risk tolerance in their retirement accounts versus their other stock accounts.

iii. Regret avoidance

d. Investors are reluctant to sell stocks with“paper” losses.

iv. Conservatism bias

e. Investors disregard sample size when forming views about the future from the past.

v. Mental accounting

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. – iv

b. – iii

c. – v

d. – i

e. - ii

Step by step solution

01

Definition

The course that provides psychological theories to evaluate the market outcomes and anomalies is known as behavioral finance.

02

Explanation on the behavioral characteristics

a. Investors are slow to update their beliefs when given new evidence.

i. Conservatism bias

b. Investors are reluctant to bear losses due to their unconventional decisions.

ii. Regret avoidance

c. Investors exhibit less risk tolerance in their retirement accounts versus their other stock accounts.

iii. Mental accounting

d. Investors are reluctant to sell stocks with “paper” losses.

iv. Disposition effect

e. Investors disregard sample size when forming views about the future from the past.

v. Representativeness bias

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following most appears to contradict the proposition that the stock market is weakly efficient? Explain.

a. Over 25% of mutual funds outperform the market on average.

b. Insiders earn abnormal trading profits.

c. Every January, the stock market earns abnormal returns.

Growth and value can be defined in several ways. Growth usually conveys the idea of a portfolio emphasizing or including only companies believed to possess above-average future rates of per-share earnings growth. Low current yield, high price-to-book ratios, and high price-to-earnings ratios are typical characteristics of such portfolios. Value usually conveys the idea of portfolios emphasizing or including only issues currently showing low price-to-book ratios, low price-to-earnings ratios, above-average levels of dividend yield, and market prices believed to be below the issues’ intrinsic values.

a. Identify and provide reasons why, over an extended period of time, value-stock investing might outperform growth-stock investing.

b. Explain why the outcome suggested in ( a ) should not be possible in a market widely regarded as being highly efficient.

Suppose there are two independent economic factors, M 1 and M 2 . The risk-free rate is 7%, and all stocks have independent firm-specific components with a standard deviation of 50%. Portfolios A and B are both well diversified.

What is the expected return–beta relationship in this economy?

Assume that both X and Y are well-diversified portfolios and the risk-free rate is 8%.

Portfolio

Expected Return

Beta

X

Y

16%

12%

1.00

0.25

In this situation you could conclude that portfolios X and Y:

a. Are in equilibrium.

b. Offer an arbitrage opportunity.

c. Are both under priced.

d. Are both fairly priced.


Use the following scenario analysis for stocks X and Y to answer CFA Questions

Question: Assume that of your \(10,000 portfolio, you invest \)9,000 in stock X and $1,000 in stock Y. What is the expected return on your portfolio?

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