Chapter 6: Q3B (page 685)
A hedge fund charges an incentive fee of 20% of any investment returns above the T-bill rate, which currently is 2%. In the first year, the fund suffers a loss of 8%. What rate of return must it earn in the second year to be eligible for an incentive fee?
12%
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Carl Karl, a portfolio manager for the Alpine Trust Company, has been responsible since2015 for the City of Alpine’s Employee Retirement Plan, a municipal pension fund.
Alpine is a growing community, and city services and employee payrolls have expanded ineach of the past 10 years. Contributions to the plan in fiscal 2020 exceeded benefit paymentsby a three-to-one ratio.
The plan’s board of trustees directed Karl five years ago to invest for total return over thelong term. However, as trustees of this highly visible public fund, they cautioned him thatvolatile or erratic results could cause them embarrassment. They also noted a state statute thatmandated that not more than 25% of the plan’s assets (at cost) be invested in common stocks.
At the annual meeting of the trustees in November 2020, Karl presented the followingportfolio and performance report to the board.
Karl was proud of his performance and was chagrined when a trustee made the followingcritical observations:
a. “Our one-year results were terrible, and it’s what you’ve done for us lately thatcounts most.”
b. “Our total fund performance was clearly inferior compared to the large sample of otherpension funds for the last five years. What else could this reflect except poor managementjudgment?”
c. “Our common stock performance was especially poor for the five-year period.”
d. “Why bother to compare your returns to the return from Treasury bills and the actuarialassumption rate? What your competition could have earned for us or how we wouldhave fared if invested in a passive index (which doesn’t charge a fee) are the only relevantmeasures of performance.”
e. “Who cares about time-weighted return? If it can’t pay pensions, what good is it!”
Appraise the merits of each of these statements and give counterarguments that Karlcan use.
Under the provisions of a typical corporate defined benefit pension plan, the employer isresponsible for:
a. Paying benefits to retired employees.
b. Investing in conservative fixed-income assets.
c. Counseling employees in the selection of asset classes.
d. Maintaining an actuarially determined, fully funded pension plan.
A clearly written investment policy statement is critical for:
a. Mutual funds.
b. Individuals.
c. Pension funds.
d. All investors.
Consider the following information regarding the performance of a money manager in a recent month. The table presents the actual return of each sector of the manager’s portfolio in column (1), the fraction of the portfolio allocated to each sector in column (2), the benchmark or neutral sector allocations in column (3), and the returns of sector indexes in column (4).
a. What was the manager’s return in the month? What was her over- or under - performance?
b. What was the contribution of security selection to relative performance?
c. What was the contribution of asset allocation to relative performance? Confirm that the sum of selection and allocation contributions equals her total “excess” return relative to the bogey.
A ship owner is attempting to insure an old vessel for twice its current market value.Is this an adverse selection or moral hazard issue?
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