Question

Match the Column -I with Column -II and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column - I A. Pseudostratified epithelium B. Matrix C. Stratified Myofibril D. Mesothelium E. Microvilli Column - II (I) Connective Tissue (II) Absorption (III) Trachea (IV) Body Cavity Lining (V) Multinucleate (a). A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv), E,(v) (b). A-(ii), B-(v), C-(iv), D-(i), E,(iii) (c). A-(iii), B-(i), C-(v), D-(iv), E,(ii) (d). A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(v), D-(i), E,(ii)

Short answer

The correct option is (c). A-(III), B-(I), C-(V), D-(IV), E-(II).

Step-by-step solution

Understand the terms in Column - I

Identify the defining characteristics of the terms in Column - I. For instance, the pseudostratified epithelium is a type of tissue lining the trachea and other respiratory tubes, where not all cells reach the surface, giving it a false appearance of being stratified.

Understand the terms in Column - II

Comprehend the concepts in Column - II. For example, connective tissue is the tissue type that includes a matrix; absorption relates to the function of certain structures like microvilli; and body cavity lining refers to the tissue that covers cavities like mesothelium.

Relate Column - I with Column - II

Match each term in Column - I to its corresponding description or function in Column - II. For instance, pseudostratified epithelium (A) lines the trachea, which corresponds to (III) in Column - II.

Verify the Options

Check each given option to find the one where all matches are correct according to the relationships established in previous steps.

Select the Correct Option

After comparing the options with the matches made in step 3, select the correct option that corresponds to the matches.

Key concepts

Pseudostratified Epithelium

The pseudostratified epithelium is a specialized form of tissue that lines certain parts of the respiratory system, such as the trachea. Despite its appearance of having multiple layers because of cells of differing shapes and sizes, every cell in this tissue touches the basement membrane, albeit not all reach the top surface. This unique structure allows for a single layer that appears stratified, thus the term 'pseudostratified'.

The cilia and mucus over this type of epithelium play a crucial role in trapping and clearing particles and pathogens from the airway, protecting the body from infection and aiding in respiration. It’s an excellent example of how form meets function in biological structures.

Connective Tissue Matrix

The matrix of connective tissue is a crucial concept in understanding the structure and function of this diverse group of tissues. The matrix is composed of extracellular components that include fibrous proteins like collagen and elastin, as well as a ground substance which can be solid, semi-solid, or liquid.

Types of Connective Tissue

There are various types of connective tissues throughout the body serving different functions, from supporting and connecting other tissues, to providing defense against pathogens. The nature of the matrix determines the properties of the connective tissue, such as its elasticity in tendons or its rigidity in bone.

Epithelial Tissue Absorption

Epithelial tissues are crucial for absorption in many parts of the body. One hallmark of areas specialized for absorption is the presence of microvilli—a fingerlike extension of the cell membrane that greatly increases the surface area of cells.

For instance, in the small intestine, the microvilli are part of the epithelial cells lining the villi and play a key role in absorbing nutrients from digested food. Understanding how epithelial tissue facilitates absorption is fundamental in the study of physiology and in explaining how nutrients and other substances are taken into the body.

Trachea Lining

Lining the trachea is the aforementioned pseudostratified epithelium, tailored specifically to serve as a barrier and a filtration system. Beyond providing a conduit for air, the trachea's lining is equipped with cells that produce mucus to capture dust, pathogens, and other particulate matter.

Cilia on the surface of epithelial cells beat in a coordinated fashion to move this mucus, and the trapped particles within it, away from the lungs, which is a function echoing the philosophy of 'form follows function' in biology.

Mesothelium Body Cavity

The mesothelium is a type of epithelium that covers the body’s serous cavities, and organs within them, like the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium. The primary function of the mesothelium is to provide a smooth, lubricative surface within these cavities, reducing friction between moving organs, such as during the beating of the heart or expansion and contraction of the lungs.

Understanding the role of the mesothelium helps in explaining the mechanics of organ movements and also has clinical significance, as it can play a role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases, including mesothelioma, a cancer associated with this tissue.