Question

Match Column-I with Column-ll and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column-I A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrous cartilage C. Elastic cartilage D. Calcified cartilage Column-II (i) Pectoral girdle of frog (ii) Long bones, sternum, ribs (iii) Pubic symphysis (iv) Eustachian tube, epiglottis (a) \(\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{i}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{ii}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{iii}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{iv})\) (b) \(A\)-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i) (c) \(A-(i i), B-(i v), C-(i i i), D-(i)\) (d) \(\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{iv}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{iii}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{ii}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{i})\)

Short answer

The correct option is (b) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i).

Step-by-step solution

Identify the Cartilage Types

Recognize that Column-I lists different types of cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints and is smooth and translucent. Fibrous cartilage is tough and is found in intervertebral discs. Elastic cartilage is more flexible and is found in structures such as the ear. Calcified cartilage is hardened and is found in parts of the body where calcification of cartilage occurs.

Match Types of Cartilage to Their Locations

Associate the correct type of cartilage with its anatomical location, as described in Column-II. Hyaline cartilage is common in the ribs and long bones. Fibrous cartilage is found in areas of high pressure and tension such as pubic symphysis. Elastic cartilage is present in flexible areas like the Eustachian tube and epiglottis. Calcified cartilage can occur in frogs' pectoral girdle.

Find the Correct Option

By elimination and matching based on anatomical knowledge, determine which option correctly relates the types of cartilage to their locations. Hyaline cartilage is not in the pectoral girdle of frogs (eliminating option a and d), but it is associated with long bones and sternum. Fibrous cartilage is associated with the pubic symphysis, not with the Eustachian tube (eliminating option c). This leads us to select option b as the correct matching.

Key concepts

Hyaline Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is one of the most widespread types of cartilage and serves a crucial role in the human body. It can be recognized by its glossy, glass-like appearance which gives it a translucent quality. Found in places like the nose, trachea, larynx, and ends of long bones, this cartilage provides a smooth surface for joint movement and is instrumental in the growth of long bones.

Concerning the matching exercise from the textbook, the hyaline cartilage correlates with the long bones, sternum, and ribs. Its presence in these locations aids in reducing friction between bones, which is vital for easy movement and articulation of joints. This type of cartilage can also play a role in the initial formation of bones in the embryo, a process known as endochondral ossification.

Fibrous Cartilage

Fibrous cartilage contains collagen fibers, which give it the durability to withstand high pressure and tension. It is typically found in structures like the intervertebral discs, which cushion the vertebrae of the spinal column, and in the pubic symphysis, which connects the two halves of the pelvis.

From the exercise, fibrous cartilage matches with the pubic symphysis—illustrating its role in sustaining and distributing weight and stress on the pelvic girdle. This cartilage offers a combination of strength and rigidity, allowing for slight movement while maintaining the structural integrity necessary to support body weight.

Elastic Cartilage

Elastic cartilage, as the name suggests, is characterized by its elasticity, which allows it to bounce back to its original shape after being bent or folded. This flexibility is crucial for the structure and function of certain body parts, such as the ear (pinna), epiglottis, and Eustachian tube of the ear.

In reference to the exercise, elastic cartilage is correctly associated with the Eustachian tube and epiglottis. Its pliable nature is perfect for structures that require shape retention after deformation, which is necessary for functions like supporting the ear's shape or allowing the epiglottis to block food from entering the windpipe during swallowing.

Calcified Cartilage

Calcified cartilage is typically hyaline cartilage that has become hardened or ossified due to a deposition of calcium salts. This process is commonly seen in older cartilage and can be part of the normal aging process or due to certain conditions.

In the exercise's context, the calcified cartilage is found in the pectoral girdle of frogs. In the human body, it might be found in areas where cartilage begins to ossify with age or disease, leading to decreased flexibility and range of motion. Unlike the other types of cartilage, calcified cartilage is more rigid and provides less shock absorption because of the calcification process.