Question

Given below are four statements (i) - (iv) each with two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in any two of these statements. (i) The columnar epithelium is composed of (1) and slender cells. Their (2) are located at the base. (ii) Collagen fibres provide (3) and elastin fibres provide (4) and elasticity to the tissue. (iii) Adipose tissue is a (5) type of connective tissue located mainly beneath \(\quad(6)\). (iv) Tendon attach \((7)\) to bones and ligament attach (8) to bones. (a) (1) tall, (2) nucleus, (7) bones, (8) muscles (b) (1) short, (2) organelles, (3) strength, (4) flexibility (c) (3) strength, (4) flexibility, (5) loose, (6) skin (d) (5) dense, (6) muscles, (7) muscles, (8) bones

Short answer

Statements (ii) and (iii) are correctly completed by option (c): (3) strength, (4) flexibility, (5) loose, (6) skin; Statement (i) is correctly completed by option (a): (1) tall, (2) nucleus.

Step-by-step solution

Analyze statement (i)

The statement '(i) The columnar epithelium is composed of (1) and slender cells. Their (2) are located at the base.' suggests the columnar epithelium consists of a particular shape of cells and the location of something within those cells. In the context of epithelium, the cells are 'tall' and the item located at the base is typically the 'nucleus'. This matches option (a): (1) tall, (2) nucleus.

Analyze statement (ii)

Statement '(ii) Collagen fibres provide (3) and elastin fibres provide (4) and elasticity to the tissue.' relates to the function of two types of fibres found in connective tissue. Collagen fibres are known for providing 'strength', and elastin fibres are known for providing 'flexibility' and elasticity, which corresponds to option (b) and (c): (3) strength, (4) flexibility.

Analyze statement (iii)

The statement '(iii) Adipose tissue is a (5) type of connective tissue located mainly beneath (6).' talks about the characteristic and location of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is known as a 'loose' type of connective tissue and is mainly located beneath the 'skin', which matches option (c): (5) loose, (6) skin.

Analyze statement (iv)

Statement '(iv) Tendon attach (7) to bones and ligament attach (8) to bones.' describes the connection of tendons and ligaments. Tendons connect 'muscles' to bones, and ligaments connect 'bones' to bones, correlating with option (d): (7) muscles, (8) bones.

Determine correct options for any two statements

After analyzing all statements, two of the statements are correctly completed by options (a) and (c). Option (c) correctly fills the blanks in statements (ii) and (iii), while option (a) correctly fills the blanks in statement (i).

Key concepts

Columnar Epithelium

When we delve into the study of human tissues, the term 'columnar epithelium' often comes up. This term refers to a type of tissue commonly found lining the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and several other organs. What makes it distinctive is its structure. Imagine tall and slender columns arranged neatly in a row; this is what the columnar epithelium looks like under a microscope.

Each cell in this type of epithelial tissue is shaped like a column, hence the name 'columnar'. The nuclei of these cells are located at the base, strategically positioned to manage the functions of the cells effectively. The primary role of this tissue is absorption and secretion, playing a crucial part in the processes of digestion and respiration.

The height and arrangement of the cells also allow for protective functions, as they can form a barrier against pathogens and are involved in the selective transportation of molecules. Understanding the structure and function of the columnar epithelium is key in many biological and medical studies, as it relates directly to the health and efficiency of vital body systems.

Collagen Fibres

Moving deeper into the realm of connective tissues, we encounter an incredibly important component: collagen fibres. Often praised for their role in bestowing strength upon various tissues, collagen fibres are the body's robust threads of protein that function as a framework for most tissues and organs.

Collagen, which primarily consists of the protein collagen type I, weaves itself into a triple helix structure making it extremely strong and resistant to pulling forces. This strength is essential, for example, in skin, tendons, and ligaments, where durability and resistance are critical. In the dermis of the skin, collagen helps in resisting tear and wear while in tendons, it is required for withstanding the tension created by muscle contractions.

Importance in Healing and Aging

Furthermore, collagen plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair. As we age, the production of collagen decreases, leading to common signs of aging such as wrinkles and weakening joint cartilage. Nutrition and certain lifestyle choices can impact collagen levels, making it a focus for both health and aesthetic reasons.

Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue, more commonly known as body fat, is not merely a storage depot for excess energy, but an active and essential type of connective tissue. Located mainly beneath the skin, adipose tissue also surrounds internal organs, providing protection and insulation to the body.

One of its characteristics is being 'loose', which describes its loose matrix of cells and fibers allowing it to fill spaces between organs effectively. This tissue is packed with cells called adipocytes, which are specialized in storing fat in the form of triglycerides. When the body needs energy, hormones signal the adipocytes to release these stored fats into the bloodstream.

Adipose tissue also plays a role in hormone production, including leptin, which helps regulate appetite and metabolism. Additionally, its location beneath the skin makes it an insulator, helping to keep body temperatures stable. Understanding adipose tissue's dual role in energy storage and metabolic regulation is valuable for those studying medicine, nutrition, and health sciences.