Question

Match Column-l with Column-ll and select the correct option from the codes given below. Column-I \(\quad\) Column-II A. Heart failure (i) Heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply B. Cardiac arrest (ii) Chest pain due to inadequate \(0_{2}\) reaching the heart muscles c. Heart attack (iii) Atherosclerosis D. Coronary artery (iv) Heart not pumping blood disease (CAD) effectively enough to meet the needs of the body E. Angina pectoris (v) Heart stops beating (a) \(\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{i} \mathrm{V}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{v}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{i}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{iii}), \mathrm{E}-(\mathrm{ii})\) (b) \(\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{v}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{iv}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{i}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{iii}), \mathrm{E}-(\mathrm{ii})\) (c) \(\mathrm{A}^{-}(\mathrm{iv}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{v}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{i}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{ii}), \mathrm{E}-(\mathrm{iii})\) (d) \(\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{v}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{iv}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{ii}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{iii}), \mathrm{E}-\mathrm{(i})\)

Short answer

Option (b) A-(iv), B-(v), C-(i), D-(iii), E-(ii) is the correct matching pair set.

Step-by-step solution

Match Term A with Definition

Identify which number accurately describes Heart Failure. Heart failure is when the heart is not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body. This corresponds to number (iv).

Match Term B with Definition

Determine the correct match for Cardiac Arrest. Cardiac Arrest is when the heart stops beating, which corresponds to number (v).

Match Term C with Definition

Find the definition for Heart Attack. A Heart Attack occurs when heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply, corresponding to number (i).

Match Term D with Definition

Link Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) to its definition. CAD is caused by Atherosclerosis, which narrows and blocks arteries, coinciding with number (iii).

Match Term E with Definition

Assign the proper description to Angina Pectoris. Angina Pectoris manifests as chest pain due to inadequate oxygen (O2) reaching the heart muscles, matching with number (ii).

Select the Correct Option

With all matches made, find the option that lists all the correct pairings. The matches are: A-(iv), B-(v), C-(i), D-(iii), E-(ii). Therefore, the correct option is (b).

Key concepts

Heart Failure

Heart failure, a condition often misunderstood, is when the heart cannot pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs. It doesn't mean the heart has stopped working, but that its pumping power is weaker than normal. Causes can range from high blood pressure and coronary artery disease to heart defects present at birth.

Symptoms of heart failure can include shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat. Lifestyle changes, medications, and in severe cases, surgery can help manage the condition. The goal of treatment is to improve the quality of life and prevent the condition from worsening.

• Shortness of breath
• Swelling in legs and ankles
• Persistent cough or wheezing

Understanding the signs can lead to earlier intervention and management.

Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is an abrupt loss of heart function, which occurs suddenly and often without warning. In this emergency, the heart ceases to beat entirely, leading to a halt in blood flow to the brain and other vital organs.

Immediate action is critical, with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation as primary emergency treatments. Survival depends on a rapid response.

• Loss of consciousness or responsiveness
• No breathing
• No pulse

Recognizing this dire emergency can be the difference between life and death, highlighting the importance of CPR training for the general public.

Heart Attack

A heart attack, medically known as myocardial infarction, is a life-threatening event characterized by the sudden blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. This blockage is usually due to a blood clot forming in one of the coronary arteries, the vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart.

The symptoms can vary but often include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, and feelings of indigestion or heartburn. Quick medical treatment is essential to restore blood flow and minimize heart damage.

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Upper body pain (shoulders, arms, back, neck)
• Nausea and vomiting

Understanding these symptoms can help individuals seek immediate help, reducing the risk of severe heart damage.

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common form of heart disease where plaque buildup narrows the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. This buildup, known as atherosclerosis, can lead to serious complications such as heart attack and angina.

Factors contributing to CAD include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes. A healthy lifestyle, medications, and in some cases, medical procedures are used to manage CAD.

• Modifying diet and exercise
• Quitting smoking
• Medications to manage cholesterol levels

Proactive measures in lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of CAD and its potential complications.

Angina Pectoris

Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It can feel like pressure or a squeezing pain in the chest, often mistaken for indigestion. The condition acts as a warning signal that the heart is working too hard against various resistances.

Angina can be managed with medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, procedures to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Recognizing and treating angina is vital, as it can indicate underlying coronary artery disease.

• Resting and stress management to alleviate symptoms
• Angina medications like nitrates
• Monitoring and controlling other heart disease risk factors

Understanding angina is essential as it helps individuals seek treatment and make necessary changes to prevent a heart attack.