Question

Match Column-I with Column-ll and select the correct option from the codes given below.Column-I Column-II A. Fats made of three (i) Glycogen fatty-acid chains attached to glycerol B. Glycolysis metabolite made (ii) Glyceraldehyde from glycerol C. Storage form of glucose (iii) Triglycerides D. Result of running reactions (iv) Glucose of glycolysis in reverse (a) \(\mathrm{A}-(\mathrm{iv}), \mathrm{B}-(\mathrm{ii}), \mathrm{C}-(\mathrm{i}), \mathrm{D}-(\mathrm{iii})\) (b) \(A-(i i i), B-(i i), C-(i), D-(i v)\) (c) \(A\)-(iv), B-(iii), C-(i), D-(ii) (d) \(A-(\) i), \(B-(i i), C-(\) iii) \(D-(\) iv)

Short answer

The correct matching pairs from Column-I to Column-II are A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv), which corresponds to option (b).

Step-by-step solution

Analyze Column-I: A. Fats

Identify what 'Fats made of three' refers to. Fats are generally composed of three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule. This structure is known as a triglyceride.

Match to Column-II for A

Given the information about fats, find the corresponding term in Column-II. 'Triglycerides' matches the description of fats, which corresponds to option (iii).

Analyze Column-I: B. Glycolysis metabolite

Determine what a metabolite made from glycerol during glycolysis would be. Glycerol is not directly involved in glycolysis, but glycerol can be converted into glycerol-3-phosphate and then into glycerone phosphate, which is an intermediate in the pathway. Considering glycolysis, the closest related compound would be GlycerAldehyde, specifically 'GlycerAldehyde-3-phosphate'.

Match to Column-II for B

Search for a term in Column-II that corresponds to a glycolysis intermediate or product. 'GlycerAldehyde' fits as a metabolite from glycolysis, which corresponds to option (ii).

Analyze Column-I: C. Storage form of glucose

Determine what the storage form of glucose in animals is. This is widely known to be glycogen.

Match to Column-II for C

Find the term in Column-II that is the storage form of glucose. It matches with 'Glycogen', which corresponds to option (i).

Analyze Column-I: D. Result of running reactions of glycolysis in reverse

Consider what the result would be if you ran the glycolysis pathway in reverse. This process is essentially 'gluconeogenesis', the creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates.

Match to Column-II for D

Identify the term in Column-II that corresponds to the production of glucose. This would be 'Glucose', which corresponds to option (iv).

Determine the Correct Option

Form the pairs from above matching: A is matched with (iii), B with (ii), C with (i), and D with (iv). Thus the correct combination is A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv). The correct option is (b).

Key concepts

Triglycerides

Triglycerides play a central role in biology as the primary form of fat stored by the body. They consist of three fatty acid chains linked to a single glycerol molecule.
Picture a triglyceride as a 'E' where the vertical line of the 'E' is the glycerol and the three horizontal lines are the fatty acids. This structure allows triglycerides to be an efficient form of energy storage, packing more calories per gram compared to carbohydrates or proteins.

Importance in Diet and Health

Triglycerides are found in the food we eat and are also synthesized by the body. They're important for health but in excess can contribute to diseases such as heart disease. Understanding triglycerides is essential for comprehending how the body manages energy, especially in studies related to health and disease management.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is a central compound in both the glycolytic pathway and in photosynthesis. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down, and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is one of the key intermediate products formed.
This molecule may seem small, but it's a big deal because it's at the crossroads of converting glucose into energy during glycolysis and it can also be used to generate glucose via gluconeogenesis.

Role in Cellular Respiration

Every cell in your body that needs energy gets help from this molecule. It carries the energy from glucose and helps turn it into a form the cell can use. For students learning about metabolism, understanding Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is crucial as it ties together many important biochemical pathways.

Glycogen

Glycogen is often referred to as the body's storage form of glucose, primarily found in the liver and muscle tissues. Think of glycogen as a branched savings account for glucose: when your body has extra glucose, it stores it as glycogen, and when you need energy, it cashes in some of those glycogen molecules.
Glycogen's structure allows for rapid release of glucose when it's needed for energy during intense physical activity or between meals. Understanding how glycogen is broken down and synthesized is crucial for anyone studying how the body maintains its energy balance.

Significance in Energy Regulation

The regulation of glycogen is vital for athletes and in medical conditions like diabetes, where managing blood sugar levels is key. Its role is critical in energy endurance and balance.

Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis is the process your body uses to construct glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, like amino acids and glycerol. This occurs predominantly in the liver.
Think of gluconeogenesis as the body's backup generator: when carbohydrate intake is low and glycogen stores are depleted, this pathway comes into play to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Relevance to Fasting and Starvation

During fasting or starvation, gluconeogenesis is especially important. It's also a key concept in understanding metabolic diseases like diabetes.
For students, grasping gluconeogenesis is invaluable for insights into how the body keeps producing energy in different nutritional states and how it tries to maintain energy balance under a variety of conditions.