Question

Testis act as the (a) Primary sex organ (b) Endocrine gland (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Short answer

(c) Both (a) and (b)

Step-by-step solution

Identify the role of testis as a primary sex organ

Being a part of the male reproductive system, one of the main functions of the testis is to produce and store sperm cells, which makes it a primary sex organ.

Identify the role of testis as an endocrine gland

On top of their role in the reproductive system, the testis also function as endocrine glands because they secrete hormones like testosterone, which regulates several male characteristics during puberty.

Compare the roles

Having analyzed the roles of the testis, it can be concluded that the testis serves both as a primary sex organ and an endocrine gland.

Key concepts

Primary Sex Organ

The testis holds a critical position in the male reproductive system as the primary sex organ. Its main function is to produce and store sperm, the male reproductive cells necessary for fertilization. Spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, occurs within the seminiferous tubules present in the testes. This journey of sperm cells begins with spermatogonia, the sperm precursor cells, which undergo mitosis and meiosis to mature into motile spermatozoa.
This entire process is crucial because it ensures the continuation of genetic material from one generation to the next, making it foundational for reproduction. The testis, by performing this essential function, establishes its role as a primary sex organ.

Endocrine Gland

Apart from its reproductive functions, the testis also acts as a vital endocrine gland in the male body. It secretes hormones, primarily testosterone, which is pivotal in regulating numerous physical attributes and functions. Testosterone supports the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males, such as facial and body hair growth, deepened voice, and increased muscle mass.
Additionally, testosterone plays a significant role in the maintenance of libido and influences mood and energy levels. The Leydig cells, situated between the seminiferous tubules, are responsible for the production and release of these hormones. Hence, the testis’s endocrine function is essential in not just reproductive health but overall physiological well-being.

Male Reproductive System

The testis is a fundamental component of the male reproductive system. Situated in the scrotum, each testis is slightly oval-shaped and functions as both a reproductive and endocrine organ. Within the larger framework of the male reproductive system, the testis connects to the epididymis where mature sperm are stored and further to the vas deferens which conducts sperm towards ejaculation.
The male reproductive system also includes accessory glands such as the prostate and seminal vesicles that provide fluids to nourish and transport sperm. Together, these organs and structures work in harmony to ensure the production, maintenance, and delivery of sperm cells for reproduction. The testis’s dual function highlights its critical role in both synthesizing sperm and hormone production, solidifying its importance in the male reproductive system.