Question

Cartilaginous rings in respiratory passage are present in (a) Trachea only (b) Trachea and initial bronchioles only (c) Trachea, bronchi and initial bronchioles (d) None of these

Short answer

The correct answer is (c) Trachea, bronchi and initial bronchioles.

Step-by-step solution

Understand The Human Respiratory System Structure

The human respiratory system has a specific structure where air is pulled into the body through the nose or mouth, then through the pharynx, into the larynx, down the trachea, into the bronchi, and finally into the lungs where gas exchange happens.

Identify Where Cartilaginous Rings Are Present

The trachea and the bronchi are both supported by rings of cartilage. These cartilaginous rings in the trachea prevent its collapse during inhalation while allowing enough flexibility for movement, while those in the bronchi keep these airways open regardless of the pressure changes that occur during respiration.

Link The Information To The Given Alternatives

Considering what has been clarified in the previous steps, it is possible to recognize that cartilaginous rings are present not only in the trachea but also in the bronchi. Thus, the initial bronchioles do not contain cartilaginous rings. As a result, the alternative that matches this information is the one that states the presence of these rings in the trachea and bronchi only.

Key concepts

Cartilaginous Rings

Cartilaginous rings are a key feature of the human respiratory system. These rings are made of a strong yet flexible material known as cartilage. They play a crucial role in maintaining open airways.

Cartilage provides the necessary rigidity to prevent airway collapse while allowing flexibility for movement. This is especially important during the act of breathing, when pressure changes could potentially close flexible airways without such support.

These rings are typically c-shaped, leaving the back open to make room for the esophagus and allowing slight expansion during swallowing. They are most prominent in the trachea and continue partway into the bronchi but are absent in the smaller bronchioles.

Trachea

The trachea, often called the windpipe, is an essential component of the respiratory system. It's a tubular passage through which air travels from the larynx to the bronchi.

The trachea is reinforced with cartilaginous rings that ensure it remains open regardless of physical activity or changes in air pressure during breathing. This feature is essential for delivering consistent air flow to the lungs.

The location of the trachea is anterior to the esophagus and it extends down into the chest cavity where it splits into the left and right bronchi. This branching marks the beginning of the lower respiratory tract.

Bronchi

Bronchi are the two major branches from the lower end of the trachea. They serve as channels that transport air to each lung.

Like the trachea, the bronchi are equipped with cartilaginous rings. This support structure prevents the bronchi from collapsing as air is drawn into the lungs.

The bronchi also perform an important function in filtering and cleaning the air. Cilia and mucus line their walls, trapping dust and other particles, which helps keep the respiratory system clean. As the air proceeds further into the lungs, the bronchi branch into narrower passageways called bronchioles.

Bronchioles

Bronchioles represent the smaller air passages within the lungs. They branch out from the bronchi and lead into the microscopic alveoli where gas exchange takes place.

Unlike the trachea and bronchi, bronchioles do not have cartilaginous rings. Their walls are instead composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibers, which allow them to expand and contract significantly.

This structure enables bronchioles to regulate air flow into the alveoli. The absence of cartilage allows them to adjust in diameter, providing resilience and control over ventilation in response to physiological needs during activities such as exercise or rest.