Question

The process of derivation of cells from meristems and maturation to perform specific function is known as (a) Regeneration (b) Dedifferentiation (c) Redifferentiation (d) differentiation

Short answer

The process of derivation of cells from meristems and maturation to perform specific functions is known as differentiation.

Step-by-step solution

Analyze the Options

Review each of the options provided. Regeneration type of process usually involves renewal or repair. Dedifferentiation is typically when cells lose their specialization and revert back to being more generic, while Redifferentiation is when cells re-acquire a specialization after losing it. Differentiation, on the other hand, typically refers to cells becoming more specialized, often for specific functions.

Match To The Required Process

Match the meaning of each term to the requirement of the exercise. The exercise is asking for the term that refers to the process where cells becoming mature to perform specific functions. This suggests the cells are becoming specialized.

Choose the Correct Answer

By applying the information learned from the previous steps, the most appropriate term for the process of cells maturing to perform specific functions is 'Differentiation', which is when cells become more specialized.

Key concepts

Meristematic Cells

Meristematic cells are the building blocks of plant growth and development. These cells are unique as they retain the ability to divide and produce new cells—a process known as cell division. Located in specific regions called meristems, which are found at the tips of roots and shoots, meristematic cells are undifferentiated, meaning they have not yet developed into specialized cells with specific functions.

Think of them as the stem cells of the plant world; they have the potential to become any type of plant cell needed. This ability is crucial for the growth of plants, enabling them to add new leaves, flowers, or roots as necessary. As they divide, some of the new cells will remain in the meristem as meristematic cells, while others go on to differentiate and take on distinct roles within the plant structure, leading to the development of various tissues and organs.

Specialized Plant Cells

Once meristematic cells begin to differentiate, they develop into specialized plant cells that make up the various tissues and organs within a plant. This differentiation process is tailored to the specific functions required by the plant. For instance, photosynthesis, the process plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy, requires the specialized function of the chlorophyll-containing cells found within leaves, known as chloroplasts.

Other examples of specialized plant cells include xylem cells, which transport water and minerals from the roots up through the plant, and phloem cells, which distribute sugars and other organic nutrients produced in the leaves to the rest of the plant. Each type of specialized cell has unique structures and characteristics that enable it to perform its particular role effectively, showcasing the incredible diversity and efficiency of plant cell specializations.

Plant Tissue Differentiation

Plant tissue differentiation is the process through which cells go from being meristematic to becoming specialized types within distinct plant tissues. This transition is guided by both internal signals, such as plant hormones, and external factors like light and gravity. The outcome is an organized arrangement of tissues that supports and maintains plant life. There are three main types of plant tissues: dermal, vascular, and ground tissue.

Dermal Tissue

The outer protective layer of the plant, equivalent to skin, is the dermal tissue. It includes cells that protect the plant from water loss and injury.

Vascular Tissue

This includes the xylem and phloem, which form a network throughout the plant for transporting water, nutrients, and food. Differentiation leading to the formation of vascular tissue is essential for the survival of the plant, especially in larger plants.

Ground Tissue

Ground tissue fills the space between dermal and vascular tissue and is responsible for functions such as photosynthesis, storage, and support. These tissues are made up of various specialized cells that contribute to the plant's overall functioning and structure. The differentiation into these tissue types begins in the embryonic stage and continues as the plant matures, reflecting the complex life strategies plants have evolved to adapt to their environments.