Question

Which of the following represent meristematic phase of growth? (a) Root apex (b) Shoot apex (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Short answer

(c) Both (a) and (b)

Step-by-step solution

Understanding meristematic phase

Meristematic phase of growth in plants occurs when the cells are in a state of continuous division. Meristem is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells which are responsible for the continuous growth of plants. Meristematic tissues are mostly located where the growth can take place, like root apex and shoot apex of a plant.

Identify the correct areas of growth

From the given options, both (a) Root apex and (b) Shoot apex represent places on plants where the meristematic growth occurs.

Choose the correct answer

Since both the root apex and the shoot apex are involved in the meristematic phase of growth, the answer is (c) Both (a) and (b).

Key concepts

Root Apex

The root apex is a critical region at the tip of a plant's root. It's where active cell division ensures root growth. This area contains meristematic tissue, composed of undifferentiated cells continuously dividing to enable the root to elongate. This growth helps the plant anchor itself into the soil and absorb water and nutrients effectively.
In the root apex, cells are always in a state of division. This is essential for the plant's overall growth and stability. As the cells divide, they push the root tip deeper into the soil.
Key points to understand about the root apex include:

• It is found at the tip of the root.
• Contains meristematic tissue, which is crucial for growth.
• Plays a pivotal role in anchoring and nutritional uptake.

Recognizing its role provides insight into how plants grow and establish themselves.

Shoot Apex

Located at the tip of the plant's stem, the shoot apex is another area of rapid growth. Similar to the root apex, it contains meristematic tissues allowing the plant stem to grow in length. This growth supports the light and nutrient absorbing parts of the plant, like leaves and flowers.
As cells at the shoot apex divide, they enable the stem to grow upwards, seeking sunlight and developing foliage and reproductive structures. This area is crucial for photosynthesis, where leaves form and capture sunlight for the plant's energy needs.
The shoot apex ensures the healthy development of above-ground parts of the plant. Here are some key details:

• Found at the topmost part of the stem.
• Critical for the elongation of the stem and formation of new leaves.
• Supports photosynthesis by increasing exposure to light.

Understanding the shoot apex is essential for comprehending how plants grow upwards and support their reproductive processes.

Plant Growth

Plant growth is a complex process that involves the enlargement and proliferation of cells. The meristematic phase, a significant part of plant growth, occurs in areas like the root and shoot apex. It is characterized by the continuous division of meristematic cells, leading to an increase in plant size.
Growth in plants is not uniform but concentrated in certain parts. The root and shoot apices are where this concentrated cell division primarily takes place, enabling the plant to extend both downwards into the soil and upwards towards light.
Important aspects of plant growth to consider:

• Occurs predominantly at the root and shoot tips.
• Relies heavily on meristematic tissue for growth and development.
• Essential for the overall health and longevity of the plant.

By understanding plant growth, you gain insights into how plants interact with their environment and meet their physiological needs.