Question

Photosynthesis is important because (a) It is the primary source of all food on earth (b) It is responsible for the release of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

Short answer

Option (c) 'Both (a) and (b)' is the correct answer because photosynthesis is both the primary source of all food on earth and responsible for the release of oxygen (O2).

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Photosynthesis and Option (a)

Photosynthesis is a process employed by plants, algae, and certain bacteria where they convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food (in form of glucose). That food gives them the energy they need to live. Hence, it is through this process that these organisms produce all the basic energy necessary for life. Other animals then eat these plants for their food. So, indirectly, photosynthesis is the primary source of all food on earth.

Understanding Photosynthesis and Option (b)

Photosynthesis also is responsible for the release of oxygen (O2). When plants, algae, and certain bacteria absorb sunlight and use that energy to combine CO2 (carbon dioxide) and water (H2O), they eventually release O2 (oxygen) in the process.

Choosing the Correct Answer

Given that photosynthesis is both the primary source of all food on earth and is responsible for the release of oxygen (O2), Option (c) 'Both (a) and (b)' is the correct answer.

Key concepts

Understanding the Photosynthesis Process

Photosynthesis represents a remarkable biological phenomenon that powers much of the life on our planet. It's a natural process wherein plants, algae, and certain bacteria harness sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into glucose—a form of sugar that serves as the building block of life. The equation simplifies this complex transformation:

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight energy -> C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + 6O₂.

This process occurs in the chloroplasts of cells, wherein the pigment chlorophyll captures sunlight. The light energy is then converted into chemical energy through a series of reactions. The end product, glucose, serves as an essential energy source, sustaining virtually all ecosystems. It's important to grasp that photosynthesis is not just about creating food—it's a foundational pillar of the energy structure of life.

Photosynthesis as the Primary Source of Food

At the base of the food chain lies an incredible process that dictates the flow of energy—photosynthesis. Every morsel of food we consume can be traced back to this basic biochemical reaction. Plants are the primary producers, using photosynthesis to convert simple molecules like water and carbon dioxide into the complex carbohydrates that fuel growth and reproduction.

These organic substances become the primary source of nourishment for herbivores that in turn become prey for carnivores. Despite the long food chain, the origin remains consistent—photosynthesis. Understanding this connection underscores the utmost importance of preserving our plant life, as it sustains not only the intricate web of natural biodiversity but also the agricultural systems crucial for human survival.

Oxygen Release through Photosynthesis

Oxygen, the breath of life for many organisms, is a splendid byproduct of photosynthesis. As plants and other photosynthesizers turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose, they also split water molecules, releasing oxygen (O₂) into the atmosphere.

This oxygen is essential for respiration in humans, animals, and even plants themselves. Through photosynthesis, the Earth's atmosphere maintains its life-sustaining balance of gases. Without the generous oxygen contribution of plants, our planet would not support the vast diversity of oxygen-breathing life it currently does. Moreover, it's been integral in the formation of the ozone layer, which protects all life forms from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Recognizing the dual role of photosynthesis in producing food and oxygen illuminates the true importance of this biological process.

Biological Energy Transfer in Photosynthesis

Fundamental to life on Earth is the transfer of energy, and photosynthesis stands at the heart of this biological process. It converts the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy stored within glucose molecules. This chemical energy is later retrieved by organisms when they consume plant matter; glucose molecules are broken down through cellular respiration, releasing energy that cells utilize for various life processes.

Through photosynthesis, energy flows from the sun to plants, then to animals and decomposers in an ever-continuing cycle, driving the diverse and dynamic web of life on Earth. By understanding the photosynthesis process and its role in energy transfer, students gain insights into cellular biology and ecology, connecting microscopic processes to global environmental systems. Integrating this knowledge can vastly aid in grasping the broader scientific concepts taught in NEET biology and beyond.