Question

Features of the apolipoprotein E-4 allele include a. increased susceptibility to late-onset AD. b. modification of age-at-onset in AD. c. a dose dependent effect on age-at-onset in \(\mathrm{AD}\). d. an association with other neurodegenerative diseases in addition to \(\mathrm{AD}\). e. all of the above.

Short answer

a) Increased susceptibility to late-onset AD b) Modification of age-at-onset in AD c) A dose-dependent effect on age-at-onset in AD d) Association with other neurodegenerative diseases in addition to AD e) All of the above Answer: e) All of the above

Step-by-step solution

Analyze statement (a) increased susceptibility to late-onset AD.

Research has shown that individuals carrying the apolipoprotein E-4 allele have an increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Therefore, statement (a) is true.

Analyze statement (b) modification of age-at-onset in AD.

Studies have shown that the presence of the apolipoprotein E-4 allele can affect the age-at-onset of Alzheimer's Disease. Individuals with this allele tend to develop the disease earlier than those without it. Hence, statement (b) is also true.

Analyze statement (c) a dose dependent effect on age-at-onset in \(\mathrm{AD}\).

The apolipoprotein E-4 allele has a dose-dependent effect on the age-at-onset of Alzheimer's Disease. Individuals with one copy of the allele have an earlier age-at-onset compared to those without it, and those with two copies have an even earlier age-at-onset. Thus, statement (c) is true as well.

Analyze statement (d) association with other neurodegenerative diseases in addition to \(\mathrm{AD}\).

The apolipoprotein E-4 allele has been found to be associated with other neurodegenerative diseases besides Alzheimer's Disease, such as Parkinson's Disease and Lewy body dementia. Consequently, statement (d) is true.

Choose the correct answer.

Since statements (a), (b), (c), and (d) are all true, the correct answer is (e) all of the above. Features of the apolipoprotein E-4 allele include increased susceptibility to late-onset AD, modification of age-at-onset in AD, a dose-dependent effect on age-at-onset in AD, and an association with other neurodegenerative diseases in addition to AD.