Question

There are both stimulatory and inhibitory factors for proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Which is an inhibitory factor a. Fibroblast growth factor b. Transforming growth factor - beta 2 c. Bone morphogenetic proteins d. olfactory marker protein

Short answer

A) Fibroblast Growth Factor B) Transforming Growth Factor - Beta 2 C) Bone Morphogenetic Proteins D) Olfactory Marker Protein Answer: B) Transforming Growth Factor - Beta 2

Step-by-step solution

Understand Stimulatory and Inhibitory Factors

In cellular proliferation, stimulatory factors promote cell growth and division, while inhibitory factors suppress or limit cell growth and division. Both types of factors play crucial roles in the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation.

Investigate Fibroblast Growth Factor (Option A)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are signaling molecules that have roles in cell growth, differentiation, and wound healing. FGF can enhance neurogenesis and the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Therefore, option A is a stimulatory factor, not an inhibitory factor.

Investigate Transforming Growth Factor - Beta 2 (Option B)

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) is a cytokine that has various effects on cell growth and development. It is known to inhibit the proliferation of several cell types, including neural stem/progenitor cells. Thus, option B is an inhibitory factor.

Investigate Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (Option C)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are signaling molecules known for their role in bone formation. However, they also have functions in the nervous system, such as regulating the differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Some BMPs can be stimulatory while others can be inhibitory. Thus, option C could be both.

Investigate Olfactory Marker Protein (Option D)

Olfactory marker protein (OMP) is associated with the development and function of olfactory neurons. Its effect on the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells is not directly relevant to this question. Thus, option D is not an inhibitory factor.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis of the different options, the inhibitory factor for the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells is option B, Transforming Growth Factor - Beta 2 (TGF-β2).