Question

The neurovascular unit is comprised of the following: a. astrocytes b. neurons c. smooth muscle cells d. endothelial cells e. all of the above

Short answer

a. Astrocytes b. Neurons c. Smooth muscle cells d. Endothelial cells e. All of the above Answer: e. All of the above

Step-by-step solution

Understand what a neurovascular unit is

The neurovascular unit is a functional complex that is comprised of different cell types working together, which are critical for maintaining cerebrovascular homeostasis, regulating blood flow, and providing essential support to neurons in the brain.

Describe the roles of each cell type in the list

a. Astrocytes: These are glial cells that provide structural and metabolic support to neurons, playing a crucial role in the blood-brain barrier and in regulating blood flow. b. Neurons: They are the primary functional cells of the brain, transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. c. Smooth muscle cells: These cells are found in the walls of blood vessels and help control blood flow by contracting and relaxing, adjusting the blood vessel diameter. d. Endothelial cells: They line the inner surface of blood vessels and play a crucial role in regulating blood flow, controlling blood vessel permeability, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier.

Identify which cell types make up the neurovascular unit

Based on the roles of each cell type described in step 2, we can deduce that astrocytes, neurons, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells are all components of the neurovascular unit. So, the correct answer is e. all of the above.