Question

Which statement is correct concerning inflammation in parkinsonian syndromes? a. It is often noted, but more widespread and less detailed than in Parkinson's disease. b. The type of inflammatory response differs between the sporadic and familial parkinsonian syndromes. c. The syndrome multisystem atrophy is unique in that inflammation is primarily made up of infiltrating T-cells. d. The neuropathological pleomorphism in patients carrying a LRRK2 mutation refers to the fact that neither Lewy bodies nor gliosis is a consistent finding. e. None of the above.

Short answer

a. Inflammation is more widespread and less detailed for parkinsonian syndromes than in Parkinson's disease. b. Inflammatory responses in sporadic and familial parkinsonian syndromes are the same. c. Infiltration of T-cells is unique to multisystem atrophy parkinsonian syndrome. d. Neuropathological pleomorphism in patients with LRRK2 mutation includes variability in the presence or absence of Lewy bodies and gliosis. e. None of the above statements are correct. Answer: d. Neuropathological pleomorphism in patients with LRRK2 mutation includes variability in the presence or absence of Lewy bodies and gliosis.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Statements

To identify the correct answer, students must understand the content of each statement provided. Here a brief explanation for the statements is given. a. This statement compares the inflammation in parkinsonian syndromes with Parkinson's disease in terms of its prevalence and detail. b. This statement compares the inflammatory responses in sporadic and familial parkinsonian syndromes. c. This statement discusses the unique aspect of inflammation in the multisystem atrophy parkinsonian syndrome. d. This statement describes the neuropathological pleomorphism in patients with LRRK2 mutation and the consistency regarding Lewy bodies and gliosis. e. This statement implies that none of the previous statements is correct.

Comparing Statements and Finding the Correct Answer

a. It is true that inflammation is often noted in parkinsonian syndromes, but it is not correct to state that it is more widespread and less detailed than in Parkinson's disease. The inflammatory processes may vary depending on the specific syndrome and other factors. b. The type of inflammatory response can indeed differ between sporadic and familial parkinsonian syndromes due to several factors such as genetic mutations, environmental factors, and disease progression. c. The syndrome multisystem atrophy is associated with the presence of infiltrating T-cells, but this is not unique to this syndrome only. Infiltration of T-cells can also be seen in other parkinsonian syndromes as well. d. The LRRK2 mutation is associated with varying neuropathological findings, including the presence or absence of Lewy bodies and gliosis. This statement is accurate in describing the variability of neuropathological findings in patients carrying the LRRK2 mutation. Conclusion: Statement d is the correct answer.