Question

Which circulated cytokine is up-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP? a. IL-2 b. \(I \mathrm{~L}-4\) c. IL-10

Short answer

Answer: c. IL-10

Step-by-step solution

Introduction of HAM/TSP

HAM/TSP (HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis) is a neurological disorder caused by the retrovirus HTLV-1 (Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1), which infects human T-cells. In this condition, an increase or up-regulation of certain cytokines can be observed.

Option a: IL-2

IL-2 (Interleukin-2) is a type of cytokine that contributes to the growth, differentiation, and survival of immune cells, specifically T-cells. Although IL-2 is an important cytokine, it is not the main cytokine up-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP.

Option b: IL-4

IL-4 (Interleukin-4) is another type of cytokine that plays a significant role in immune regulation and inflammation. IL-4 is commonly known for its role in promoting the development of helper T-cells, which contribute to driving an immune response. However, IL-4 is also not the primary cytokine up-regulated in individuals with HAM/TSP.

Option c: IL-10

IL-10 (Interleukin-10) is a cytokine with a wide range of anti-inflammatory properties, helping to regulate the immune response. Studies have shown that IL-10 is significantly up-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP, leading to the regulation of the immune response and contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease.

Conclusion

The correct answer is: c. IL-10. Among the given options of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10), IL-10 is the one that is up-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP, which is associated with the regulation of the immune response and the development of the disease.