Question

Which adhesion molecules are mostly detected in the spinal cord of HAM/TSP? a. ICAM-1 b. VCAM-1 c. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1

Short answer

Answer: Both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

Step-by-step solution

In this multiple-choice exercise, we need to determine which adhesion molecules are mostly detected in the spinal cord of HAM/TSP. The exercise provides three options: a) ICAM-1, b) VCAM-1, and c) ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. #Step 2: Background information on HAM/TSP#

HAM/TSP, or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It affects the spinal cord, leading to its damage and neurological symptoms. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are adhesion molecules that play a role in immune responses and inflammation by facilitating the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells. #Step 3: Determine the prevalent adhesion molecules#

Studies have shown that both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are upregulated in the spinal cord of HAM/TSP patients. These adhesion molecules seem to be involved in the recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS and promoting the inflammatory response characteristic of HAM/TSP. #Step 4: Answer the question#

Based on the information provided, it is evident that the adhesion molecules mostly detected in the spinal cord of HAM/TSP are both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Therefore, the correct answer is option c) ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.