Question

Which of the following signaling receptor molecules involved in programming of immunologic memory? a. \(\mathrm{CD} 40\) b. CD27 c. CD137 d. ICOS e. CD28 f. all of the above

Short answer

Answer: All of the above (CD40, CD27, CD137, ICOS, CD28) play a role in the programming of immunologic memory.

Step-by-step solution

List the signaling receptor molecules involved in programming of immunologic memory

It's essential to recognize the receptors known to play a role in immunologic memory. From the options, we have the following receptor molecules: a. CD40 b. CD27 c. CD137 d. ICOS e. CD28

Recall the role of each receptor molecule

To determine the correct answer, it's crucial to understand the function of these receptors in the immune system, primarily in the programming of immunologic memory: a. CD40: This molecule is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and B cells and is involved in the activation of these cells, leading to immunologic memory. b. CD27: It's a member of the TNF receptor family and crucial for T-cell and B-cell activation, which is necessary for the generation of immunologic memory. c. CD137: Mainly expressed on activated T and NK cells, it can enhance T-cell and B-cell activation and survival, contributing to immunologic memory. d. ICOS: It's an essential T-cell costimulatory molecule involved in T cell activation and survival. It also contributes to the development of memory T-cells. e. CD28: This molecule is another critical costimulatory receptor on T-cells and is involved in activation and differentiation of T-cells, influencing memory formation.

Determine the correct answer

Given the roles played by these receptor molecules in the immune system, especially their involvement in the formation of immunologic memory, all of them can be considered to play a part in the programming of immunologic memory. Therefore, the correct answer is: f. all of the above