Question

The diabetic is being maintained on rosiglitazone (Avandia). Which lab test should be checked frequently? A. TSH levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone levels) B. AST levels (aspartate aminotransferase levels) C. HCG levels (human gonaditropin levels) D. LDH levels (lactic dehyrogenase levels)

Short answer

Answer: B. AST levels (aspartate aminotransferase levels)

Step-by-step solution

Understand the medication rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes by helping control blood sugar levels. It works by increasing the sensitivity of the body's tissue to insulin, thus decreasing insulin resistance.

Analyze each lab test option

A. TSH levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone levels) - TSH is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland that stimulates the production of thyroid hormones. Monitoring TSH levels is necessary when treating thyroid disorders, but it is not directly related to diabetes or rosiglitazone use. B. AST levels (aspartate aminotransferase levels) - AST is an enzyme found in various tissues in the body, including the liver. Elevated AST levels may indicate liver injury, inflammation, or disease. As rosiglitazone is known to cause liver abnormalities in some patients, monitoring AST levels is important for a patient taking this medication. C. HCG levels (human gonadotropin levels) - HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy. Monitoring HCG levels may be indicated in pregnancy-related conditions, but it is not relevant to diabetes or rosiglitazone use. D. LDH levels (lactic dehydrogenase levels) - LDH is an enzyme found in many body tissues. Elevated LDH levels may indicate tissue damage. While LDH tests can be used for various conditions, they are not specific for diabetes or rosiglitazone-related complications.

Choose the correct lab test for frequent monitoring

Out of the four lab tests provided, AST levels (option B) are the most relevant for monitoring a diabetic patient taking rosiglitazone, due to the potential liver abnormalities this medication can cause. Therefore, the correct answer is B. AST levels (aspartate aminotransferase levels).

Key concepts

Diabetes Management

Managing diabetes is crucial for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels and preventing complications. Patients with type 2 diabetes often require medications like rosiglitazone (Avandia) to help their bodies use insulin more effectively. These medications work by making the body's cells more sensitive to insulin, thereby reducing insulin resistance.
This process helps in controlling blood sugar levels efficiently. Proper management involves not just taking prescribed medications but also making lifestyle changes such as:

• Eating a balanced diet
• Exercising regularly
• Monitoring blood glucose levels
• Being aware of symptoms associated with high or low blood sugar

Adherence to these lifestyle changes, along with regular medical check-ups, forms the cornerstone of effective diabetes management. Close collaboration with healthcare providers is essential to tailor a plan that fits individual needs.

Medication Monitoring

Monitoring medication is a critical aspect of managing chronic conditions like diabetes. When patients are prescribed medications such as rosiglitazone, it is important that healthcare providers regularly check their response to the drug and any adverse effects it may cause.
This ensures that the medication is having the desired effect without causing harm. Regular monitoring might involve:

• Checking blood sugar levels to assess the medication's impact
• Evaluating any side effects or adverse reactions
• Adjusting medication doses as needed

Within the context of rosiglitazone, frequent liver function tests are recommended due to potential liver side effects. Effective medication monitoring can help prevent complications and improve the overall management of diabetes.

Liver Function Tests

Liver function tests (LFTs) are important diagnostic tools used to assess the health of the liver. These tests measure different enzymes, proteins, and substances in the blood that are produced or processed by the liver.
In the case of patients taking rosiglitazone (Avandia), it is essential to monitor liver function because of the risk of liver abnormalities. One of the key enzymes monitored is aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Elevated AST levels can indicate potential liver damage or inflammation.
Routine LFTs help detect liver issues early, ensuring timely intervention and adjustment in medication if necessary. Other useful enzymes measured include alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase, which, alongside AST, give a comprehensive view of liver health.

Nursing Exam Preparation

Preparing for the NCLEX-RN exam requires a comprehensive understanding of both theoretical knowledge and practical application. Topics such as diabetes management, medication monitoring, and interpreting liver function tests are crucial for success in these exams.
Focusing on scenarios where you apply this knowledge, like understanding the side effects of medications or interpreting lab results such as AST levels, strengthens your preparation. Efficient study strategies include:

• Regularly practicing sample questions and case scenarios
• Creating study groups for collaborative learning
• Utilizing review courses and textbooks specific to the NCLEX-RN exam
• Engaging with multimedia resources for varied learning modes

Balancing practice questions with detailed study sessions in these areas enhances readiness and confidence in handling nursing responsibilities effectively.