Question

A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client newly diagnosed with cervical cancer. What would be most important for the nurse to determine? ? A. Sexual history ? B. Support system ? C. Obstetrical history ? D. Elimination patterns

Short answer

Answer: A. Sexual history

Step-by-step solution

List and understand the options

Go through the provided options and make sure to have a clear understanding of what each option entails. Option A: Sexual history Option B: Support system Option C: Obstetrical history Option D: Elimination patterns

Consider risk factors and causes of cervical cancer

Think about the main causes and risk factors of cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer, and it is primarily transmitted through sexual activities. Factors such as multiple sexual partners, early initiation of sexual activity, and a weakened immune system can also increase cervical cancer risk.

Identify the most relevant option

Based on our understanding of the risk factors and causes of cervical cancer, the most important factor for the nurse to determine would be the client's sexual history, as this can provide vital information about their exposure to HPV and other potential risks associated with cervical cancer development.

Select the correct answer

With an understanding of the key risk factors and causes of cervical cancer, we can now select the correct answer: Answer: A. Sexual history

Key concepts

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. It's important to catch it early because treatments can be more effective. The main enemy in this disease is the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus is a sneaky one because it spreads through sexual contact. Fortunately, our healthcare systems have screenings, like the Pap test, that help catch abnormal cells before they turn into cancerous ones.
While early stages can be asymptomatic, as the cancer progresses, symptoms like abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, and unusual discharge can occur. Thus, regular screening and vaccination against HPV are key elements in preventing cervical cancer.

Health History

Gathering a health history is a crucial step in understanding the patient's medical background and current health status. In the context of cervical cancer, health history focuses primarily on factors linked to HPV exposure, a major cause of this cancer.
Key elements of health history involve:

• Sexual history, which includes the age of initiation and number of partners, since these are directly linked to HPV risks.
• Personal and family medical history that may reveal genetic predispositions.
• Previous Pap smear results to identify any past abnormalities.
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking and contraceptive use, which can affect the body's defense mechanisms against HPV.

These details equip healthcare providers with the foundation to recommend appropriate screenings and preventative measures.

Risk Factors

Recognizing risk factors is a crucial part of any nursing assessment, especially for diseases like cervical cancer. Several risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing cervical cancer, sharpening the focus on prevention.
Here are key risk factors:

• Infection with HPV is the leading risk factor, and it's predominantly spread through sexual contact.
• Having multiple full-term pregnancies, which may be linked to prolonged exposure to hormonal changes.
• Long-term use of oral contraceptives.
• Smoking, which doubles the chance of developing cervical cancer due to the harmful effects on cells of the cervix.
• A weakened immune system, perhaps from conditions like HIV/AIDS.

Understanding these factors allows nursing professionals to guide patients in making informed decisions about their health and screening practices.

Nursing Education

Nursing education equips nurses with the knowledge and skills needed to perform comprehensive assessments and provide high-quality care. Regarding cervical cancer, education focuses on prevention, early detection, and patient support.
Essential components of nursing education include:

• Understanding the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and its progression.
• Performing detailed health histories and identifying potential risk factors.
• Educating patients on the importance of regular screening and HPV vaccination.
• Providing emotional support and information about available treatments for affected patients.
• Promoting lifestyle adjustments that mitigate risk factors.

This educational foundation enables nurses to advocate effectively for their patients and assist them in navigating their healthcare journey with confidence.