Question

The nurse recognizes which of the following population groups is at highest risk for melanoma? ? A. Adults older than 35 ? B. Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun ? C. Employees of a chemical plant ? D. 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week

Short answer

Answer: D. 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week.

Step-by-step solution

Understand melanoma and its risk factors

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops in the melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. The primary risk factor for melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can come from the sun's rays or artificial sources like tanning beds. People with fair skin, a family history of melanoma, and those with numerous moles are also at a higher risk.

Evaluate each option

Now, let's examine each population group and assess their risk of developing melanoma based on the known risk factors: Option A: Adults older than 35: People aged 35 and older are at a higher risk of melanoma, but it is not the primary risk factor. Option B: Senior citizens who have had repeated exposure to the sun: This population group has two risk factors: older age and repeated sun exposure, making them more likely to develop melanoma. Option C: Employees of a chemical plant: Working in a chemical plant may expose workers to some hazardous substances, but it doesn't directly relate to the development of melanoma. Option D: 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week: This group is young, but they are frequently exposed to artificial UV radiation, which is a major risk factor for melanoma.

Identify the highest-risk group

Based on the analysis of each option, it is evident that the 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week (Option D) are at the highest risk for melanoma due to their frequent exposure to artificial UV radiation, which is a significant risk factor in melanoma development. Thus, the correct answer is: ? D. 22-year-olds who tan in tanning beds three times a week.

Key concepts

Melanoma Risk Factors

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer arising from the pigment-producing melanocytes in the skin. Recognizing the risk factors can help prevent its development or catch it early when it is most treatable. One of the most significant risk factors is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage the DNA in skin cells, potentially leading to cancer. This radiation can come both from natural sources, like the sun, and artificial sources, like tanning beds.

Individuals with fair skin, light eyes, and hair have a higher sensitivity to UV radiation, increasing their risk. Additionally, people with a family history of melanoma or a genetic predisposition due to unusual moles or multiple previous sunburns are also at risk. For all these reasons, early detection and protective measures, like sunscreen application and protective clothing, are crucial to reduce melanoma risk.

Nursing Education

In the context of nursing, education plays a pivotal role in cancer prevention and early detection. Nurses are uniquely positioned to educate patients about melanoma and other skin cancers. They can guide individuals on how to recognize early signs, understand their risk factors, and adopt protective measures against UV exposure.

Through workshops and community programs, nurses emphasize the importance of regular skin checks and awareness of changes in skin coloration or mole appearance. These education courses increase public awareness and empower individuals to take proactive steps in health maintenance. Continuous professional education ensures that nurses remain informed about the latest research and advancements in skin cancer prevention and treatment, equipping them to better educate their patients.

Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of electromagnetic energy emitted by the sun and artificial sources like tanning beds. It is classified into three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. Both UVA and UVB rays can contribute to skin damage, with UVB primarily responsible for sunburns, while UVA penetrates deeper, leading to skin aging and possibly contributing to cancer.

To mitigate UV exposure, it's essential to avoid the sun during its peak intensity hours, usually between 10 AM and 4 PM. Using broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, wearing hats and sunglasses, and staying in shaded areas can help protect the skin. It is crucial to remember that even on cloudy days, UV radiation can still reach the earth and affect skin health.

Skin Cancer Awareness

Awareness about skin cancer, including melanoma, is vital for encouraging preventive measures and early detection. Public health campaigns and patient education typically focus on the dangers of UV radiation and the importance of skin self-examinations. Early detection of anomalies like new moles or changes in existing ones can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Awareness programs often advise individuals to follow the "ABCDE" rule when examining moles: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variations, Diameter over 6 mm, and Evolution of a mole's shape, size, or color. Recognizing these signs can prompt a visit to a healthcare provider for a professional evaluation. As public understanding of these principles grows, widespread awareness can lead to fewer skin cancer cases and enhance the quality of life.