Question

A client with vitamin deficiencies is admitted to the acute care setting due to signs of dehydration. The nurse's assessment of laboratory values reveals a potassium of \(2.9 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}\). Which dietary selection would be best for this client? A. Banana B. Apricot C. Spinach D. Artichoke

Short answer

Answer: C. Spinach.

Step-by-step solution

Research potassium content in mentioned foods

Look up the potassium content of the given food items: banana, apricot, spinach, and artichoke.

Present the potassium content of each food item

Based on research, the potassium content for each food item per 100 grams is as follows: A. Banana - \(358 \mathrm{mg}\) B. Apricot - \(259 \mathrm{mg}\) C. Spinach - \(558 \mathrm{mg}\) D. Artichoke - \(370 \mathrm{mg}\)

Compare and determine the best food source of potassium

Compare the potassium content of each food item: A. Banana: \(358 \mathrm{mg} / 100 \mathrm{g}\) B. Apricot: \(259 \mathrm{mg} / 100 \mathrm{g}\) C. Spinach: \(558 \mathrm{mg} / 100 \mathrm{g}\) D. Artichoke: \(370 \mathrm{mg} / 100 \mathrm{g}\) In this case, Spinach (Option C) has the highest potassium content with \(558 \mathrm{mg}\) per 100 grams. Thus, it is the best dietary selection for the client with dehydration and low potassium levels. Answer: C. Spinach.

Key concepts

Vitamin Deficiencies

Vitamin deficiencies occur when the body does not get enough essential vitamins through diet or absorption. They can lead to a variety of health problems, impacting energy levels, immune function, and overall well-being. Common deficiencies include low levels of vitamins like D, C, and B12 which can contribute to fatigue, bone issues, and even neurological problems. For instance, a lack of vitamin C can lead to a condition known as scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and joint pain.

It's crucial to recognize the signs of vitamin deficiencies early to prevent long-term damage. Symptoms often include excessive tiredness, poor concentration, and frequent colds. The solution typically involves dietary adjustments and possibly supplements under healthcare guidance. For example, increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables can improve vitamin C and K levels. Vitamins from animal sources, like B12 found in fish and dairy, might need augmentation, especially for vegetarians and vegans. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement to avoid overdose or interactions with other medications.

Dehydration Management

Managing dehydration involves restoring the body's fluid balance, crucial for maintaining vital functions. Dehydration can happen when there's insufficient fluid intake, excessive sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting. It's marked by signs such as dry mouth, lethargy, and decreased urine output. Severe dehydration can lead to more serious health issues like kidney failure or seizures, so timely intervention is important.

To effectively manage dehydration, consider the following steps:

• Increase fluid intake by drinking water, oral rehydration solutions or sports drinks that contain electrolytes.
• Monitor signs closely to prevent worsening, especially in vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.
• Address the underlying cause, such as correcting diarrhea or mitigating excessive heat exposure.

Notably, reintroducing fluids gradually is essential, especially after significant fluid loss, to prevent shock to the system. Moreover, foods rich in water, such as watermelon, cucumbers, and oranges, can also contribute to rehydration efforts.

Dietary Recommendations

Dietary recommendations often emphasize a balanced intake of macronutrients and micronutrients to maintain good health. A focus on increasing certain nutrients becomes necessary depending on individual health needs, such as boosting potassium intake for someone with a deficiency, as highlighted in the exercise. High-potassium foods like spinach, bananas, and avocados are encouraged for those needing to elevate potassium levels for muscle function and heart health.

Dietary guidelines are also shaped by other factors like age, activity level, and personal goals. However, some universal recommendations include:

• Consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables to cover a spectrum of vitamins and minerals.
• Choosing whole grains over refined ones to ensure adequate fiber for digestive health.
• Opt for lean proteins, such as poultry or legumes, to facilitate muscle repair and growth without excessive fat intake.

Adjusting diet by including potassium-rich foods, as the exercise solution points out with spinach, can address specific health issues while promoting overall wellness. Always consider personalization in dietary plans, ideally with professional advice, to meet unique dietary needs comprehensively.